Non-systems: Equipment and Devices Flashcards
A patient who has limited dexterity would benefit from which types of equipment for activities of daily living
Buttonhook. Door knob extender. Handwriting aids. Rocker knife. Socks/Shoe aid Zipper pull - pull a zipper through a loop
When are parallel bars indicated? Why are the indicated?
- Provide maximum stability/security at beginning stages of ambulation/standing.
- Proper fit: elbow flexion 20 - 25° grasp bars 4- 6 inches in front of body.
- Progress out of Parallel bar as quickly as possible to increase overall mobility and decrease parallel bar dependance
When is a walker indicated?
- Used with all levels of weight-bearing.
- Significant base of support and good stability.
- 20 - 25° of elbow flexion for proper fit.
- Types: Rolling, hemi, reciprocal (frame will bend with UE movement), folding and adjustable with breaks.
- Upper extremity attachment for seat platform and UE attachments are available.
what type of gait is used with a walker?
Walker is used with three-point gait
When are axillary crutches indicated?
- all levels of WB
- require higher coordination and use
- proper use: 6 inches in front, 2 inches lateral to patient foot
- proper size: 3 fingers below armpit, ulnar syloid at hand grip for 20-25* of elbow flexion
- ## platform attachment: good for radial N injury, not fractures
what type of gait is used with axillary crutches ?
- 2 point
- 3 point
4 point
swing to
swing through
When are lofstrand crutches indicated?
- all levels of WB
- require highest level of coordination
- proper use: 6 inches in front, 2 inches lateral to patient foot
- 20-25* of elbow flexion
- Hand cuff should be 1 -1 1/2 inches below olecranon process to not interfere with elbow flexion
what type of gait is used with lofstrand crutches ?
- 2 point
- 3 point
4 point
swing to
swing through
When is a cane indicated?
- Provides minimal stability and support for patients
- Mainly assist with balance
- Straight cane should not be used for partial weight bearing
- Small/large base canes provide larger base of support and can assist with limited WB and improve balance on unlevel surfaces
- used on opp side of involved LE
- Proper fit: handle at level of hand crease at ulnar styloid
- -20-25* of elbow flexion
what type of gait is used with stright canes ?
2 point.
4 points.
Modified 2 point.
Modified 4 points
nwb
No weight through involved extremity.
Not permitted to touch ground.
An device is required
TTWB
No weight through involved extremity toes on ground to assist with balance
An device is required
Is an assistive device required for WBAT?
May or may not be required patient determined amount of weight from minimal to full
Is an assistive device required for FWB ?
Not required at this level but may be used to assist with balance
Gaudring considerations
- stand by affected side(usually), a little behind patient
- Grasp safety belt with one hand another hand on the shoulder.
- avoid grasping arm, may be needed
- move is the lead foot forward as patient moves, the back leg should advance as patient ambulates
- Anticipate potential hazards and take appropriate precautions.
- Utilize second therapist when needed
when is a arteriography used?
- Visualize his major vessels in the body.
- Can identify arteriosclerosis, aneurysm, vascular malformation, tumors or blockages.
- X-ray imaging and injected contrast visualizes vessels.
when is a arthrography used?
Contrast dye to visualize joints structures with injected dye into the joint.
- Indirect used through by injecting dye into blood vessel to be absorbed by joint space.
- peripheral joints, Hip knee ankle shoulder elbow and wrist pathology such as ligament damage or capsular tears
when is a bone scan used, how does it work?
radionuclide is injected to show areas of high bone remodeling 2/2 osteoblast take up
- Stress fractures infection bone cancer metastasis can be shown.
- Can identify bone disease or stress fracture with as little as 4- 7% bone loss
- less expensive than PET
When are CT scans used
Noninvasive where multiple angles are taken with circular scanner.
- Many images are combined to produce cross-section images.
- Most commonly used for spinal lesions and diagnostic brain studies.
- Quick results. Used in emergency situations.
- Multiple images and structures at the same time.
- More Detailed images compared to x-ray
- highest dose of radiation than other modes
- not for pregs
electroencephalography
- epilepsy and narcolepsy
- electrodes placed on scalp and record electrical impulses of brain activity
- less effective than MRI for exact location of injury
electromyography
E activity of a selected muscle at rest and voluntary activity
floroscopy
shows motion of the body when dye is injected
- shows motion in joint of GI tract
- barium swallow study
- not for pregs
what can a lumbar puncture diagnose ?
Guillain Barre , encephalitis, meningitis
When is a MRI used?
Image soft tissue STX; muscle menisci, ligs, tumors, and internal organs
- excellent contrast detail
- no use of radiation
- safe for pregs
what is myelography?
- contrast dye used with CT, x-ray, or fluoroscopy to image spinal stxs
- spinal stenosis, herniated disc, spinal cord compression, infection and inflammation of meninges, tumors
- used for those who cant have MRI on spine
- better detail on spine than x-ray
when is a nerve conduction velocity test used
used to determine the exact extent of a nerve damage by measuring speed of E impulse
- often used with electromyography
what is PET scan
radiography and injected nucleotide are inject to ID metabolic activity
- nucleotide is attached to substance that target organ will use (glucose for the brain)
- IDs maligant tumors
Ultrasound
- image converted by sound wave, at speed at which they travel
- can be used to show real time muscle movement
- doppler US can view blood flow
- cant pass lots of adipose, bone or air (air cavity)
what can be used to ID DV, tumors, valve dysfxn or other pathology in venous system
venography
what structures are radio opaque in a xray
white, bright
absorbing X-rays
- bone
what structures are radio lucent in a xray
dark
- air
Spine corset
increases ab compression and decreases pain in low to mid back pathologies
- fabric with metal uprights
halo vest orthosis
- full restriction of cervical motion
- used with SCI
- pt wears halo until spine is stable
- invasive; ring with posts are attached to vest with skull attachment
milwaukee orthosis
realignment of spine with scoliosis
- custom
- extends from pelvis to upper chest
-
Taylor brace
thoacolumbarsacral brace
- limit trunk extension, flexion through 3 point design
(kinda looks like straight jacket w.o arms)
thoacolumbarsacral orthosis TLSO
prevent all trunk motions
- post surgical stabilization
- ridgid shell fabricated from plastic
- bivalve system is secured with velco
AFO
- ankle may be lock or not to have anterior or posterior mobility at ankle
- casted in subtalar neutral
- commonly rx’d to peripheral neuropathy, nerve lesions or hemiplegia
solid AFO
- anterior trim line to malleoli to control Ev/IN
- control DF/PF
Articulating AFO
- allows tibia to advance over foot during mid to late stance phase of gait
