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Board exam review > PNF > Flashcards

PNF Flashcards

1
Q

When are PNF techniques utilized

A
  • Increase strength or improve relaxation by enhancing overflow from stronger to weaker muscles
  • Progress a patient through stages of motor control: mobility stability controlled mobility and skill
  • Dysfunctional patterns to increase control
  • Elemental sequences are used in order to increase the balance between agonist and antagonist
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2
Q

What PNF considerations should be taken for mobility and stability POCs

A
  • Techniques will differ depending on objective: full movement or points within the range
  • Increased resistance in movement pattern to increased ability less resistance is applied for mobility
  • Repetition is important for motor learning
  • Short verbal commands accurate timing, specific commands, correct hand placement
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3
Q

What is the D1 flexion pattern for upper extremity

A

Shoulder flexes up and across body with adduction and externally rotates.
Elbow is supinated
Wrist flexed/ radial deviation
Thumb adducted

scapula:Elevation,abduction, upwards rotation

D1= slap the baby

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4
Q

What is the D1 extension pattern for upper extremity

A

Shoulder extends, abducts, and internally rotates.
Elbow will supinate
Wrist will extend and ulnar deviate
Thumb will abduct

Scapula: Depression , Adduction , Downward rotation
D1= slap the baby

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5
Q

What is the D2 flexion pattern for upper extremity

A

Shoulder will flex, abduct, and externally rotate
Elbow is supinated
Wrist is extended and in radial deviation
Thumb is extended
D1= bring sword out of sheath

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6
Q

What is the D2 extension pattern for upper extremity

A 
shoulder will extend, adduct, internally rotate 
Elbow is pronated 
wrist is flexed with ulnar deviation 
Thumb is in opposition 
D1= bring sword out of sheath
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7
Q

What is the D1 flexion pattern for lower extremity

A

Hip: flexion, adduction, ER
Knee: flex or ext
Ankle/ toes: DF INV

Dance move: charleston (figure 4 across knee)

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8
Q

What is the D1 extension pattern for lower extremity

A

Hip: Extension, abduction, IR
Knee: flex or ext
Ankle/ toes: PF EVR

Dance move: charleston (leg plants to side with toe pointed)

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9
Q

What is the D2 flexion pattern for lower extremity

A

Hip: Flexion, Abduction, IR
Knee: flex or ext
Ankle/ toes: DF, EVR
(soccer ball kick for long ball)

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10
Q

What is the D2 extension pattern for lower extremity

A

Hip: Extension, Adduction, ER
Knee: flex or ext
Ankle/ toes: PF, INV
(ballet bow)

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11
Q

What techniques can be used for mobility?

A

Initiate movement through functional range of motion
-Mobility techniques can increase range of motion a
- Contract relax. *
Hold relax. *
Hold relax active movement.*
Joint distraction.
Repeated contractions.
Rhythmic initiation *
Rhythmical rotation
rhythmic stabilization
**Techniques are only used to increase mobility unlike other techniques which have multiple purposes

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12
Q

What techniques can be used for stability?

A

Hold a position or posture through tonic or Co- contraction of muscles to support a joint.
ex: Unsupported sitting with midline control
Alternating isometrics.
Rhythmic stabilization.
Slow reversal
Slow reversal hold

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13
Q

What techniques can be used for controlled mobility?

A

The ability to move within a WB during position or rotate around a long axis.

ex: Weight shifting in quadruped or weight-bearing prone on elbows

Agonist reversals.
Slow reversal.
Slow reversal hold

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14
Q

What techniques can be used for skill?

A

Consistently perform functional tasks and manipulate the environment with normal postural reflex mechanisms and balance reactions.
–Skill techniques help the store functional movement and proximal dynamic stability

ex: ADLs and community locomotion

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15
Q

What PNF techniques can be used to increase range of motion

A 
Contract relax
 hold relax
 joint distraction
rhythmic initiation 
rhythmic stabilization
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16
Q

what PNF techniques can help initiate movement

A 
Hold-relax active movement
 joint distraction 
repeated contractions
 rhythmic initiation
 rhythmical rotation
17
Q

Which PNF techniques can be used to help stability

A

Alternating isometrics
rhythmic stabilization
slow reversal
slow reversal hold

18
Q

What techniques help develop skill for motor control? Distal functional movement and proximal dynamic stability?

A 
Distal functional movement:
Normal timing 
slow reversal
 slow reversal hold
 timing for emphasis

Proximal dynamic stability:
Agonistic reversals
resisted progression

19
Q

What PNF techniques can help with strength

A

Alternating isometrics
repeated contractions
resisted progression
timing for emphasis

20
Q

Agonistic reversal

A

Alternating isotonic eccentric and concentric movements.

  • Uses slow and sequential manner.
  • Can be used in increments throughout range to increase max control
  • Controled stability, skill
21
Q

Alternating isometrics

A

alternating isometric contractions on one side of the joint to the other.

  • Used for Stability
  • emphasizes endurance for strengthening
22
Q

Contract relax

A

Used to increase range of motion. Extremities taken to limit of ROM -

  • antagonist muscle contracts maximally against the Therapist resistance for 8 to 10 seconds with rest period
  • Repeated untill no further gains are made within session
  • used for mobility
23
Q

Hold- Relax

A
  • Used often in patients who present with pain.
  • Isometric contraction of all muscles in area is used to increase range of motion.
  • Isometric Contraction is held at limited point of range of motion
  • Relaxation occurs, then extremities is moved to new acquired rROM, technique is stopped when there is no further increase of range of motion

– used for mobility

24
Q

Hold- relax active movement

A

It’s to initiate muscles that are at 1/5 MMT

  • Extremity is placed in a shortened position and performs an isometric contraction
  • Contraction is facilitated by cocontraction and overflow
  • During relaxation the extremity is moved to the new lengthened position by quick stretch.
  • Then, patient returns the extremity to the shortened position by a isotonic contraction
  • used for mobility
25
Q

Joint distraction

A

Manual traction is provided with a slow and or quick stretch with mobilization technique
- used for mobility

26
Q

Normal timing

A

Used to improve coordination of all task components

  • Performed in a distal to proximal sequence
  • Proximal components are restrained until distal components can activate and initiate movement
  • Repetition of pattern produces coordinated movement of all components
  • used for skill
27
Q

Repeated contractions

A
  • Used for Movement pattern initiation weak movement patterns or points of weakness in a movement pattern
  • Quick stretches and holds provided by PT and is followed by isometric/isotonic contractions in the D1/D2 patterns in available ranges
  • used for mobility
28
Q

Resisted progression

A
  • Use for coordination of gait of proximal components
  • Resistance is applied to an area such as pelvis, hips or extremity to enhance coordination and strength or endurance
  • used for skill
29
Q

Rhythmic initiation

A
  • Used to initiate movement with hypertonia.
  • Movements are slow to help prevent hypertonia and to allow full ROM
  • Movement project progresses from passive “let me move you” to active assistive “help me move you,: to slightly resistive “move against the resistance”
  • used for mobility
30
Q

Rhythmic stabilization

A
  • To increase ROM and coordinate isometric contractions.
  • Use isometric contractions of all muscles around joint against progressive resistance.
  • It relaxes and moves into a new limit of motion available
  • If stability is the goal this should be used as progression from alternating isometrics
  • Used for mobility and stability
31
Q

Rhythmical rotation

A
  • Decrease hypertonia by slowly rotating extremity around longitudinal axis. Relaxing extremity will increase ROM
  • used for mobility
32
Q

Slow reversal

A

Slow and resisted concentric contractions of agonist and antagonist around a joint without rest between reversals.

  • Used to improve control of movement and posture.
  • used for Stability, controlled mobility, Skill
33
Q

Slow reversal hold

A

Slower reversal movement with isometric contraction at end of movement
- used for Stability, controlled mobility, Skill

34
Q

Timing for emphasis

A

Used to strengthen weak component of motor pattern.
Isotinic and isometric contractions produces overflow to weak muscles
- used for Skill

Board exam review (23 decks)

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