Cardiovascular Flashcards
what anatomical landmark is the apex of the heart found at ?
Intercostal space of the 5th rib and Left mid clavicular line
Apex is the lowest part of the heart formed by the inferolateral part of the left ventricle. It projects anteriorly
What is the base considered to be in the heart ? what anatomical landmark is it at?
the upper border of the heart, involves the left atrium part of the righr atrium and proximal portion of the great vessels
2nd rib space
what is the endocardium, epicardium, pericardium and myocardium
endocardium - Lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves
epicardium- serous layer of the pericardium. Contains the epicardial coronary arteries and veins, autonomic nerves, and lymphatics
pericardium - Double walled connective tissue sack that surrounds the outside of the heart and great vessels
myocardium- Makes up the majority of the heart wall. Made up of thick contract tail Lair made up of muscle cells
What is the aorta and its anatomical pathway?
The aorta is the largest artery in the body.
Starts at the upper left ventricle, ascends and goes backward and left arch of aorta)
Then descends to the thorax to become the thoracic aorta, then passes to the abdominal cavity to become the abdominal aorta
What are The inferior and superior vena cava
suppioer vena cava- Returns blood from the head neck arms to the right atrium
Inferior vena cava- Returns blood from the lower body viscera to the right atrium
What are the pulmonary veins and artery?
Pulmonary viens Carry oxygenated blood from the lungsto the left atrium
Pulmonary artery -Carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Separates the right and left ventricles? What separates the right and left atrium?
The wall between the atria = atrial septum
Wall between the ventricles is the ventricle septum
What valve separates the right atrium and the right ventricle?
Tricupsid or Right AV valve (3 leaflets)
Valve separates the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve or Left AV valve (2 leaflets)
whats the role of the right and left heart chambers
The right side collects blood from the body.
Left side pumps blood to the body
What does the aortic valve connect?
LV and aora to pump blood to body
What does the pulmonary valve connect
RV and pulmonary artery
What is the pathway for blood in the heart?
Superior/inferior vena cava> RA> tricupsid> RV>pulmonary valve> pulmonary trunk> L/R pulmonary arteries> R/L lung> pick up O2 drop off CO2> pulmonary veins> LA> bicupsid (mital) > LV> Aortic valve> aorta > coronary/systemic circulation
where do the right and left coronary arteries come from ?
ascending aorta, just below where the aorta leaves the LV
- coronary arteries supply the myocardium
what 3 arteries come off the aortic arch ?
Brachiocephalic artery
left, carotid artery
left subclavian artery
what are the main branches of the right coronary artery ?
Sinus node artery
right marginal artery
posterior descending artery
what are the main branches of the left coronary artery ?
Circumflex artery
left anterior descending A.
What artery supplies the left atrium
Circumflex artery
What artery supplies the right atrium
Sinus node artery
What artery supplies the right ventricle
right marginal artery
Artery supplies the bottom of the ventricles
posterior descending artery
which vessels are the Great vessels of the heart
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
pulmonary arteries /veins
aorta
what makes up the coronary venous circulation?
cornonary sinus
cardiac veins
thesbian veins
what drains into the coronary sinus ? where does this drain into?
- Great cardiac vein
- small and middle cardiac veins
- veins drain into the RA