Neuro development Flashcards
What gross and fine motor skills are available at 1 month?
Limited head control; lift head briefly and lift to side, head will lag when pulling to sit
Roll: Partly roll on to side
Reflexive walking and standing
Eyes: can see objects on direct line of sight, follows moving object to midline
can make fist, jerky arm movement, movement is random or purposeful
What gross and fine motor skills are available at 2-3 months?
Head control improved; head can be lifted to 90* while in prone chest up in prone, some WB in forearms
Roll: prone > supine
ATNR reflex is strong
legs kick reciprocally in supine
Sit: can keep head up right, but it bobs, needs full support to sit
WB: Poor weight bearing; hips will be in flexion
vision: can see further
can eye track 180* left to right
Grasp: grasp is reflexive, uses palmar grast
What gross and fine motor skills are available at 4-5 months?
UE WB: can WB on arms in prone
can pivot in prone to reach toys
Roll: rolls supine to side
plays with feet to mouth
SIt: head can be held upright in a supported seated position. can turn head in sitting, can sit alone for a breif time
WB: can WB in supported standing
What gross and fine motor skills are available at 6-7 months?
Roll: can roll supine to prone
UE WB: can be on 1 hand in prone and reach for toy
head control: able to lift head in supine, lifts head when pulled into sitting
sit: gets into sitting position without asst and can sit ind
Mobilty: can crawl backward
improved fine motor control, can release objects on demand, rakes with fingers, arm in neutral while reaching for toy
grasp: radial palmer
What gross and fine motor skills are available at 8-9 months?
can get onto hands and knees
does not like to stay in supine
moves from sit to prone
Sit: sits w.o UE support for long periods and pivots
Stand: stands by holding on to furniture and pulling, lowers to sitting from supported stand
Mobility: crawls forwards and cruises (along furniture)
grasp: radial digital
improved fine motor control, better at releasing objects and can point/poke with index. takes things out of container
What gross and fine motor skills are available at 10-11 months?
Stand: can stand ind for breif moment, pulls up from half kneel, picks up toys from floor while standing with support
Walk: walks with hands held, creeps on hands and feet like a bear
Grasp: develops pincer grip, out toys in box, can hold crayon
What gross and fine motor skills are available at 12-15 months?
Walking: walks without support , fast walking ,side ways walking bends over to look under legs stairs: can go up stairs by creeping throw ball in sitting marks paper with crayon builds blocks
What gross and fine motor skills are available at 16-24 months?
squats in play
Walking: walks backward
stairs: does stairs with hands held, both feet on step
ball: kicks and throws forward and up,
propel ride on toys
fine motor control can fold paper, make larger cube stacks, draw strighter line strong bead, thumb and finger grip for crayon
What gross and fine motor skills are available at 2 years
rides tricycle, walking: tip toe Running: on toes stiars: alternates feet Ball: catches large ball hops on 1 foot open and close jar siccors and puzzles
What gross and fine motor skills are available for a preschooler at 3-4 years
Ball: throws 10 ft jumps across at most 2 ft jumps up 12 in runs fast draws circles
5-8 years
skips
cntrolled kicks
limbs grow faster than trunk
writes well
9-12
improved balance, coordination, endurance, attention span
competition increases
early puberty
13+
girls and boy become more differnt in size
puberty
greater dexterity
What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex ATNR
What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
Head is turned to one side and the infants arm and leg on the face side are extended.
Arm and leg on the scalp side are flexed, the spine curves with the convexity towards the face
normal age of response:Birth to six months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with: feeding, visual tracking, use of hands at midline, bilateral hand use, rolling, development of crawling, skeletal deformity: scoliosis hip subluxation/dislocation
What is the Symmetrical tonic neck reflex STNR reflex?What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
When the head is placed in flexion the arms are flexed and the legs are extended. When the head is an extension the arms are in extension and the legs are flexed.
normal age of response: 6 to 8 months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with:
Ability to use arms in prone, practicing hand and knees position, reciprocal, crawling, sitting balance while looking around, use of hands when looking at objects in hands while seated
What is the Tonic Labrinth reflex TLR reflex? What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
In supine extremities are held an extension.
In prone the body is held in flexion. This occurs in response to the position of the labyrinth in the inner ear and is reflected in her position
normal age of response: Birth to six months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with:
Initiate rolling, ability to prop on elbows in prone, ability to flex trunk and hips to come to sit from supine, causes full body extension which can interfere with balance in sitting or standing
What is the Palmer grasp reflex? What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
Pressure in the palm of the owner side of the hand will cause finger flexion and strong grip
normal age of response: Birth to four months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with:
Ability to grasp and release objects voluntarily, weight-bearing with open hand to prop, crawl and protect
What is the planter grasp reflex? What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
Pressure to the base of the toes will cause the toes to flex
normal age of response: 28 weeks of gestation to 9 months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with:
Standing with feet flat on floor, balance and weight shift and standing
What is the Rooting reflex? What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
Touching on the cheek will result in the infant turning to the same side of the stimulus with an open mouth
normal age of response:28 weeks of gestation to 3 months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with:
Oral motor development, development of midline control of head, optical writing, visual tracking, social interaction
What is the moro reflex? What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
Head is dropped into extension by few inches, arms will a abduct with fingers open and cross into adduction. Baby will cry
normal age of response:28 weeks of gestation to five months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with: Balanced reaction in sitting, protective response in sitting, hand I coordination, visual tracking
What is the Startle reflex? What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
a loud or sudden noise will create similar response to the moro reflex but the elbows will remain flexed and hands closed
normal age of response: 28 weeks of gestation to 5 months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with:
Sitting balance, protective response in sitting, and coordination and visual tracking, social interaction and attention
What is the Positive support reflex?What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
The babies placed on the balls of their feet when upright the response should be stiffening of legs and trunk into extension
normal age of response:35 weeks of gestation to two months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with:
Standing and walking balance reactions, weight shifting in standing, can lead to contractures of the ankles in plantar flexion
What is the walking/stepping reflex ?What are possible negative effects if abnormal reflex is present?
The babies put in a supported upright position with feet on floor they should respond with reciprocal flexion and extension of the legs
normal age of response: 38 weeks of gestation to two months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with:
Standing and walking balance reactions, weight shifting in standing, Element of smooth/coordinated reciprocal movement of lower extremity
What is the Galant reflex ?
Stroking the spine from shoulder to hip should produce lateral flexion of the trunk to the side of the stimulus
normal age of response:30 weeks of gestation to two months
Abnormal reflex may interfere with:
Element of sitting balance, can lead to scoliosis
