PRMLS - Midterms 7 Flashcards
WHICH PROKA AND EUKA? (HUMAN&BACTERIA)
PROKARYOTE - BACTERIA
EUKARYOTE - HUMAN
SHAPE OF BACTERIA: COCCUS
BERRY / ROUND / SPHERICAL
SHAPE OF BACTERIA: BACILLUS
STICK / ROD
SHAPE OF BACTERIA: SPIRAL
CORKSCREW
SHAPE OF BACTERIA: PLEOMORPHIC
NO DEFINITE SHAPE DUE TO CELL WALL
SHAPE OF BACTERIA: ROUND/ SPHERICAL
COCCUS
SHAPE OF BACTERIA: STICK ROD
BACILLUS
SHAPE OF BACTERIA: CORKSCREW
SPIRALS
SHAPE OF BACTERIA: NO DEFINIRE SHAPE DUE TO ABSENCE OF CELL WALL
PLEOMORPHIC
4 EXAMPLES OF SHAPE CLASSICATION OF CELLS
- COCCUS
- BACILLUS
- SPIRALS
- PLEOMORPHIC
GIVE 5 WAYS CELLS ARE CLASSIFIED
- ACC TO SHAPE
- ACC TO ARRANGEMENT
- ACC TO GRAM’S REACTION
- ACC TO ACID FAST STAIN
- OTHER CLASSIFICATION
7 EXAMPLES OF ARRANGEMENT CLASSICATION OF CELLS
- SINGLES
- PAIRS
- CHAINS
- CLUSTERS
- 4’S
- 8’S
- PALISADE
4 EXAMPLES OF GRAMS REACTION CLASSICATION OF CELLS
- CRYSTAL VIOLET
- GRAM’S IODINE
- ALCOHOL
- SEFRANIN
“OTHER CLASSIFICATION” INCLUDE?
- OXYGEN REQ
- TEMPERATURE REQ
- NUTRITIONAL REQ
- OSMOTIC PRESSURE REQ
- PH
RECITE THE COCCUS TYPE OF ARRANGEMENT
COCCUS - 1
DIPLOCOCCI -2
DIPLOCOCCI ENCAPSULATED - 2 WITH CAPSULE
TETRAD - 4
SARCINA - 8
STREPTOCOCCI - CHAIN
STRAPHYLOCOCCI - CLUSTER
RECITE THE BACILLUS TYPE OF ARRANGEMENT
COCCOBACILLUS - OBLONG
BACILLUS - 1
DIPLOBACILLI - 2
STREPTOBACILLI - CHAIN
PALISADES - INDEFINITE
THE POSITIVE GRAM CELL WALL HAS?
TECHOIC ACID AND PERIPLASMIC SPACE
THE NEGATIVE GRAM CELL WALL HAS?
PERIPLASMIC SPACE ONYL
WHICH IS THICK AND THIN GRAM CELL WALL?
THICK (+)
THIN (-)
WHAT COLORS ARE GRAM +,- PRIMARILY?
+ = BLUE/VIOLET
- = RED/PINK
WHAT IS GRAM CELL WALL’S PRIMARY STAIN?
CRYSTAL VIOLET
WHAT IS GRAM CELL WALL’S MORDANT
GRAM’S IODINE
WHAT IS GRAM CELL WALL’S DECOLORIZER
ALCOHOL/ ACETONE
WHAT IS GRAM CELL WALL’S SECONDARY STAIN
SAFRANIN
WHERE IS THE THING THAT THE GRAM (+) IS EXPOSED AND WILL EMIT CHANGE?
WHAT COLOR WILL IT BE?
NONE
WHERE IS THE ONLY THING THAT THE GRAM (-) IS EXPOSED AND WILL EMIT CHANGE?
WHAT COLOR WILL IT BE?
DECOLORIZER / ALCOHOL
- IT WILL TURN COLORLESS
GRAM NEGATIVE HAS THE COLOR ? THROUGHOUT
VIOLET
WHAT COLOR IS GRAM NEGATIVE WHEN EXPOSED TO SAFRANIN
PINK / RED
WHY GRAM (+) ARE NOT AFFECTED BY DECOLORIZERS??
THICK CELL WALL THAT ABSORBS
INVENTED GRAM’S STAIN?
HANS CHRISTIAN GRAM
WHAT IS THE AFS PRIMARY STAIN IN ZIEHL-NEELSEN?
CARBOL FUSCHIA
WHAT IS THE AFS MORDANT IN ZIEHL-NEELSEN
HEAT
WHAT IS THE AFS DECOLORIZER IN ZIEHL-NEELSEN
ACID ALCOHOL
WHAT IS THE AFS SECONDARY STAIN IN ZIEHL-NEELSEN
METHYLENE BLUE
WHAT IS THE AFS PRIMARY STAIN IN KINYOUN
CARBOL FUSCHIA
WHAT IS THE AFS MORDANT IN KINYOUN
TERGITOL
WHAT IS THE AFS DECOLORIZER IN KINYOUN
ACID ALCOHOL
WHAT IS THE AFS SECONDARY STAIN IN KINYOUN
METHYLENE BLUE
WHAT IS AFS + COLOR?
RED
WHAT IS AFS - COLOR
COLORLESS UNDER DECOLORIZER
BLUE/GREEN UNDER SECONDARY STAIN
THE REST IS RED
ACID FAST STAIN IS GRAM + OR -
GRAM +
AEROBIC MEANS?
NEEDS OXYGEN TO GROW
ANAEROBIC MEANS?
DOESNT NEED OXYGEN TO GROW
SURVIVES HIGH SALT CONCENTRATION
HALOPHILES
SURVIVES BOTH HIGH AND NORMAL SALT CONCENTRATION
FACULTATIVE HALOPHILES
SURVOVES 0.2 MOLAR SALTS
NON HALOPHILES
HOW MANY MOLAR SALTS DOES NON HALOPHILE SURVIVES
0.2
SURVIVES ACIDIC
ACIDOPHILES
SURVIVES ALKALINES
ALKALOPHILES
SURVIVES NEUTRAL
NEUTROPHILES
NEUTRAL PH
7
COLD LOVING
PSYCHROPHILIC
PSYCHROPHILIC GROWS IN WHAT TEMP?
10c
MOST PATHOGENS GROW IN THIS TEMP
MESOPHILIC
MESOPHILIC GROWS IN WHAT TEMP?
20-40C
AVERAGE/PREFERED MESOPHILIC TEMP
37C
GROWS IN 50-55C
THERMOPHILIC
THERMOPHILIC TEMP RANGE?
50-55C
THREE TYPES OF TEST FOR BACTERIAL SAMPLES
MACROSCOPIC EVALUATION
MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION
BIOCHEMICAL TEST
TO OBSERVE CHARACTERISTICS VISIBLE TO THE EYE
(COLOR, ODOR)
MACROSCOPIC EVAL
TO OBSERVE USING THE MICROSCOPE
(GRAMS REAC, AFS, MORPHOLOGY)
MICROSCOPIC EVAL
TO OBSERVE USING TESTS TO DETERMINE CHEMICALS THAT ARE PRODUCED BY BACTERIA (TESTS FOR CHO, CHON, LIPIDS ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY)
BIOCHEMICAL TES
MEANS BACTERIA CAN BE USED FOR TREATMENT
SUSCEPTIBLE
FUNGIS AND BACTERIA ARE EUKA OR PROKA?
EUKA - FUNGI
PROKA - BACTERIA
WHICH HAS STEROLS (FUNGI VS BACTERIA)
FUNGI
FUNGAL INFECTIONS;
MYCOSIS
MULTICELLULAR FUNGI
MOULDS
MOULDS GROW IN WHAT TEMP?
25-30C
SINGLE CELL FUNGI
YEAST
YEAST GROW AT WHAT TEMP?
35-37C
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION REQUIRES?
SPORES
THE ONLY FUNGAL GROUP TO PRODUCE CONIDIA
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION PRODUCES
CONIDIA
FORMS MYCELIUM
HYPHAE
TWO TYPES OF HYPHAE
SEPTATE AND ASEPTATE
TYPE OF HYPHAE THAT HAS CELLULAR SEPERATION
SEPTATE
TYPE OF HYPHAE THAT HAS NO CELLULAR SEPERATION
ASEPTATE
COLONY OF FUNGUS
MYCELIUM
COLONY MASS OF FUNGUS
THALLUS
VIRUS CONTAIN?
DNA OR RNA
FATHER OF VIROLOGY
DMITRI IWANOWSKI
PROPOSED FOR ‘KURU;
CARLETON GAJDUSEK
ENCODES PROTEIN
NUCLEIC ACID
PROTEIN COAT THAT ENCLOSES GENETIC MATERIAL
CAPSID
COMPLEX OF NUCLEIC ACID AND CAPSID
NUCLEOCAPSID
COMPLETE VIRUS PARTICLE; NAKED OR ENEVELOPED
VIRION
TWO SHAPES OF CAPSID
HELICAL AND ICOSAHEDRAL
SURROUNDS THE CAPSID
ENEVLOPE
FUNCTIONS AS AN ATTACHEMENT
SPIKES
MOST INFECTIOUS TYPE OF VIRUS
NAKED
WITH CIRCULAR RNA MOLECULES
WITHOUT CAPSID
VIRIOD
PASSENGERS IN VIRUS CAPSIDS
VIRUSOIDS
MADE OF SINGL TYPE OF PROTEIN WITHOUT NUCLEIC ACIS
PRIONS
REPLICATION OF VIRUS: STEPS
ADSORPTION
PENETRATION
UNCOATING
SYNTHESIS
ASSEMBLY
RELEASE
INITIAL STAGE OF VIRUS
ADSORPTION
MAY BE ACCOMBLISHED BY MEMBRANE FUSION
PENETRATION
PENETRATION CAN HAPPEN THROUGH?
MEMBRANE FUSION OR RECEPTOR MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS