MTIOCH - FINALS 1 Flashcards
ALKANES AKA?
PARAFFIN
GENERAL FORMULA FOR ALKANE
Cn H2n+2
ONLY BOND IN ALKANE
SIGMA BOND
ALKANES ON ROOM TEMP
GASES
ALKANE STATE FROM PENTANE TO C17H36
LIQUID
ALKANE ABOVE 17 C ATOMS
SOLID
GIVE NONPOLAR SOLVENTS ALKANES AND ALKENES ARE SOLUBLE TO (5)
- CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
- CHLOROFORM
- PETROLEUM ETHER
- ALCOHOL
- BENZENE
WHAT WEAK FORCE HOLD ALKANE MOLECULES TOGETHER
LONDON DISPERSION FORCES
TENDS TO LOWER BOILING POINT BY DECREASING SURFACE AREA
BRANCHING
OTHER THAN PETROLEUM WHERE CAN ALKANE COME FROM? (2)
SHALE OIL AND COAL
LOW MOL WEIGHT CAN BE OBTAINED FROM?
NATURAL GAS
ALKANES CAN BE CLEAN _____
FUEL
MIXTURE OF ALKANE FROM PENTANE TO DECANE
GASOLINE
CONTAINS ALKANES FROM 10-16
KEROSENE
ALKANES REACT WITH O2 TO PRODUCE WHAT? (3)
-CO2
- WATER
- ENERGY
PROCESS WHICH ALKANES REACT TO OXYGEN
COMBUSTION
WHERE H ATOMS IS SUBSTITUTED BY A HALOGEN ATOM
HALOGENATION
HALOGENATION YIELDS AN
ALKYL HALIDE
WHERE A HYDRIGEN ATOM IS LOST
DEHYDROGENATION
WHAT TEMP DOES DEHYDROGENATION OCCUR?
700-900c
BREAKING DOWN OF LARGER ALKANE MOLECULES
PYROLISIS
PYROLISIS AKA?
CRACKING
TWO TYPES OF PYROLISIS
SYMMETRICAL AND UNSYMMETRICAL
REARRANGEMENT OD STRUCTURES
ISOMERIZATION
ALKENESE AKA? (2)
VINYL COMPOUND AND OLEFINS
ALKANES ARE AT WHAT STATE IN ROOM TEMP?
GASES
SAMPLE OF SIMPLEST ALKENES (3)
YLENE
PROPYLENE
BUTYLENE
ALKENES COME FROM _____
PYROLISIS / CRACKING OF ALKANES
ALKENES ALSO COME FROM _____
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
ETHYLENE AKA?
ETHEN
SIMPLEST AMONG ALKENE
ETHEN
USED FOR SYNTHESIS OF POLYSTYRENE
STYRENE
STYRENE IS FOR SYNTHESIS OF?
POLYSTYRENE
ALKENE FOR OPTICAL FUNCTION
RETINAL
ALKENE THAT IS A SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL COMPOUND EX: RUBBER, LATEX PAINT
BUTADIENE
FORMULA OF ISOPRENE
C5H8
WHITE/COLORLESS: SIMPLEST UNIT OF PURE XRUDE RUBBER
ISOPRENE
ALKENES OXIDATE TO FORM?
GLYCOLS
GAS USED FOR COMBUSTION
OXYGEN
WHEN AN ALKENE IS PASSED OVER ______ AT ____c THE ALKENE IS REDUCED TO ALKANE
NICKEL CATALYST | 150C
HALOGENATION FORM ___ IN ALKENES
ALKYL HALIDES
RULE THAT STATES THAT THE HALOGEN ATTACHES TO THE CARBON THAT IS MORE ALKYL SUBSTITUTED IS PRODUCING A HIGHER ORDER HALIDE
MARKOWNIKOFF’S RULE
ADDITION OF WATER
HYDRATION
HYDRATION OD ALKENE PRODUCES/
ALIPATHIC ALCOHOL
REACTION WITH SULFURIC ACID IS CALLED
SULFONATION
SULFONATION FORMS?
ALKYL HYDROGEN SULFATE
FORMATION OF POLYMER
POLYMERIZATION
POLYMER IS FROM?
MONOMERS
UNDER POLYMERIZATION, ALKENE IS HEATED UNDER GREAT PRSSURE, MOLECULES COMBINE HERE TO FORM?
ALKENE POLYMER
FORMULA OF ALKYNE
CNH2N-2
ALKYNES AKA?
ACETYLENE SERIES
ALKYNES HAVE ___ POLARIT
LOW
GIVE 3 ORGANIC SOLVENTS
ETHER
BENZENE
CARBON
ACETYLENE AKA?
ETHYNE
ACETYLENE IS USED IN?
OXYACETYLENE TORCH
ETHYNE IS USED TO MANUFACTURE ____ FOR PLASTICS
CHLOROETHENE
ETHYNE IS USED TO MANUFACTURE ____ FOR SYNTHETIC RUBBER
NEOPRENE
WHAT ARE OXIDIZED ALKYNES CALLED?
DICARBOXYLIC ACID
WHAT PRODUCES STRONG ACID IN OXIDATION
ALKANE
TEMP FOR ALKYNE HYDROGENATION
150c
ALKYNE HALOGENATION FORM?
UNSATURATED ORGANIC DIHALIDE
ALKYNE HYDRATION IS IN WHAT TEMP
60c
ALKYNE HYDRATION FORMS?
ALDEHYDE
NITRILE FORMATION IS IN WHAT TEMP?
573K
ALKYNE POLYMERIZATION FORM?
ALKYNE POLYMER
CAN BE USED TO DISTINGUISG ALKYNE AND ALKENE
SUBSTITUTION