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Y1S1 > PRMLS - Finals 2 > Flashcards

PRMLS - Finals 2 Flashcards

1
Q

STUDY OF PARASITES

A

PARASITOLOGY

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2
Q

PARASITES THAT LIVE OUTSIDE THE BODY

CAUSES INFESTATION

A

ECTOPARASITES

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3
Q

PARASITES THAT LIVE INSIDE THE BODY

CAUSES INFECTION

A

ENDOPARASITES

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4
Q

TYPES OF ENDOPARASITES (2)

A

INTESTINAL AND EXTRAINTESTINAL

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5
Q

GIVE EXAMPLES OF ECTOPARASITES (3)

A

MOSQUITO, ROACHES , AND RATS

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6
Q

MOSQUITO OF DENGUE

A

AEDES AEGEPTI

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7
Q

MOSQUITO OF MALARIA

A

ANAPHELES

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8
Q

WORM-LIKE PARASITES

A

HELMINTHS

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9
Q

WORMS THAT ARE TAPERED BOTH ENDS

A

NEMATODES

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10
Q

NEMATODES AKA?

A

ROUNDWORMS

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11
Q

WORMS HAVING SOFT, USUALLY FLATTENED BODY

A

PLATYHELMINTHES

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12
Q

EX OF CESTODES AND TREMATODES

A

CESTODE - TAPEWORM
TREMATODES - FLUKES

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13
Q

SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISM FOUND IN MOST HABITATS

A

PROTOZOA

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14
Q

PROTOZOA IN VAGINA, SEEN IN URINALYSIS

A

TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

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15
Q

CLASSES OF PROTOZOA AND THEIR ORGAN OF LOCOMOTION? (4)

A

SARCODINA - PSEUDOPODS
FLAGELLATA - FLAGELLA
CILLIATA - CILLIA
ACONODASIA - NON-MOTILE

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16
Q

ACONODASIA MOVES THROUGH WHAT ANIMAL

A

MOSQUITO

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17
Q

REQUIRES HOST TO COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT

A

OBLIGATE PARASITE

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18
Q

FREE LIVING PARASITE; CAN SURVIVE IN OR OUT OF HOST

A

FACULTATIVE PARASITE

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19
Q

WHEN PARASITE ATTACKS AN UNNATURAL HOST AND SURVIVE

A

ACCIDENTAL PARASITE

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20
Q

LIVE IN CONTACT WITHOUT HOS ITS WHOLE LIFE

A

PERMANENT PARASITE

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21
Q

LIVE IN CONTACT WITH HOST A PART OF THEIR CYCLE ONLY

A

TEMPORARY PARASITE

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22
Q

ANYTHING WHICH IS NOT A TRUE PARASITE

A

SPURIOUS PARASITE

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23
Q

GIVE THE 6 MODES OF DEVELOPMENT ON PARASITE

A

OBLIGATE
FACULTATIVE
ACCIDENTAL
PERMANENT
TEMPORARY
SPURIOUS

OFAPTS

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24
Q

HOW ARE ACCIDENTAL PARASITES DISPOSED? AND IN HOW MANY DAYS MOSTLY?

A

DEFECATION - 25 DAYS

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25
Q

SAMPLE OF FACULTATIVE / FREE LIVING PARASITE

A

PROTOZOA

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26
Q

TYPES OF HOST (4)

A

DEFINITIVE H
INTERMEDIATE H
RESERVOIR
PARATENIC H

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27
Q

HOST THAT HAS MATURE PARASITE - FINAL HOST

A

DEFINITIVE HOST

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28
Q

HOST THAT HAS PARASITES IN THEIR ASEXUAL, LARVAL STAGE

A

INTERMEDIATE HOST

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29
Q

TYPES OF INTERMEDIATE HOST AND EXAMPLES

A

FIRST INTERMEDIATE HOST - SNAIL
SECOND INTERMEDIATE HOST - ANTS, FISH, CRABS, WATERCRESS

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30
Q

UNAFFECTED TYPE OF HOST

A

RESERVOIR

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31
Q

HOST WHERE PARASITE DOESNT DEVELOP TO OTHER STAGE

A

PARATENIC HOST

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32
Q

EXPLAIN THE LIFE CYCLE OF PARASITES

A
  • EGG/OVA - DIAGNOSTIC
  • LARVA - CARRIED BY IH
  • ADULT - CARRIED BY DH
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33
Q

STUDY OF URINE

A

CLINCAL MICROSCOPY

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34
Q

4 PARAMETER HAS?

A

pH
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
PROTEIN
GLUCOSE

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35
Q

SYTEM INVOLVED FOR URINATION

A

URINARY SYSTEM

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36
Q

ERYTHROPOESIS ALSO HAPPEN IN?

A

KIDNEY

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37
Q

FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY (4)

A

PRODUCES BLOOD
FILTER WASTE
EXCRETE WASTE
MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS

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38
Q

FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF KIDNEY

A

NEPHRON

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39
Q

HOW MANY NEPHRON PER KIDNEY?

A

1-1.5MILLION

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40
Q

FILTRATION UNIT OF NEPHRON

A

GLOMERULUS

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41
Q

TUBULE, THE URINE PASSAGEWAY IS HOW LONG?

A

30-40MM

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42
Q

FILTERED BY GLOMERULUS

A

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION

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43
Q

GLOMERULAR CAPSULE AKA?

A

BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

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44
Q

NETWORK OF CAPPILARIES SURROUNDED BY GLOMERULAR CAPSULE

A

GLOMERULUS

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45
Q

ABSORBED BY ACTIVE PCT? (3)

A

GLUCOSE
AMINO ACIDS
SALTS

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46
Q

TYPES OF PCT (2)

A

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

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47
Q

WHAT IS ABSORBED BY LOOP OF HENLE

A

CHLORIDE

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48
Q

ABSORBS CHLLORIDE

A

LOOP OF HENLE

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49
Q

ABSORBED BY DCT?

A

SODIUM

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50
Q

LOOP OF HENLE: IMPERMEABLE WITH WATER

A

ASCENDING LOH

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51
Q

PASSIVE PCT AND ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE ABSORBS?

A

UREA

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52
Q

DESCENDING LOOP OF HENLE ABSORBS?

A

SODIUM

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53
Q

NAIIHI AKA?

A

MICTURATION

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54
Q

URINE FORMATION IN ORDER (3)

A

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
TUBULAR REABSORPTION
SECRETION

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55
Q

URINE COLOR?

A

LIGHT/PALE TO DARK/DEEP A,BER

56
Q

URINE CLARITY?

A

CLEAR

57
Q

URINE PH?

A

4.5-8.0

58
Q

URINE SPEC GRAVITY

A

1.005-1.030

59
Q

URINE ODOR?

A

AROMATIC

60
Q

URINE VOLUME?

A

750-2000ML / 24HRS

61
Q

WHAT DOES EXCESSIVE AND UNDER URINATING? (4)

A

POLYURIA - EXCESS
OLYGORIA - BELOW
ANORIA - NONE
LUCTORIA - EXCESSIVE AT NIGHT

62
Q

COMPOSITION OF YOUR URINE (3)

A

96 - WATER
2 - UREA
2 - OTHER SOLIDS

63
Q

URINE HAS HIGH CONCENTRATIN OF (2)

A

UREA
CREATININE

64
Q

SQUAMOUS CELLS MUST BE?

A

NONE-FEW / HPF

65
Q

RBC’S MUST BE

A

1-2/HPF

66
Q

WBC’S MUST BE

A

1-5 / HPF

67
Q

SPECIMEN COLLECTION: THE PREFERRED SPECIMEN; CONCENTRATED OVERNIGHT

A

EARLY MORNING URINE

68
Q

SPECIMEN COLLECTION: COLLECTED ANY TIME OF DAY (MOSTLY USED)

A

RANDOM URINE

69
Q

SPECIMEN COLLECTION: USED FOR GLUCOSE DETERMINATION

A

FASTING / POST PRANDIAL URINE

70
Q

SPECIMEN COLLECTION: FOR CLEARANCE TEST

A

TIMED URINE

71
Q

TIMED URIN HOW MANY HOURS?

A

12-24HRS

72
Q

3 METHODS OF COLLECTION

A
  • CLEAN MIDSTREAM CATCH
  • CHATHERIZATION
  • SUPRAPUBIC ASPIRATION
73
Q

SPECIMEN MUST BE ANALYZED WITHIN ____ HOUR OF COLLECTION

A

1

74
Q

REFRIGIRATE SPECIMEN IN ____C NO MORE THAN _____ HOURS

A

2-8C | 8HOURS

75
Q

EXCESSIVE RBC IN URINE

A

HEMATURIA

76
Q

EXCESSIVE WBC IN URINW

A

PYURIA

77
Q

EXCESSIVE CAST IN URINE

A

CYLINDURIA

78
Q

SHAPE: CALCIUM OXALATE

A

ENVELOPE SHAPE

79
Q

SHAPE:AMORPHOUS URATES

A

SAND GRAIN-LIKE

80
Q

SHAPE: URIC ACID

A

POLYMORPHIC

81
Q

SHAPE: CHOLESTEROL

A

RECTANGULAR PLATES WITH NOTCHED CORNERS

82
Q

SHAPE: CRYSTINE

A

FLAT HEXAGON

83
Q

SHAPE: CALCIUM CARBONATE

A

DUMBBELL SHAPE

84
Q

SHAPE: AMORPHOUS PHOSPATE

A

SAND GRAIN-LIKE

85
Q

SHAPE: TRIPLE PHOSPATE

A

COFFIN LID

86
Q

SHAPE: CALCIUM PHOSPHATE

A

COLORLESS THIN PRISMS / THREADS

87
Q

SHAPE: AMMONIUM BIURIATE

A

THORNY APPLES

88
Q

SHAPE: YEAST CELLS

A

BUDDING RBC-LIKE

89
Q

SHAPE: PARASITES

A

TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

90
Q

SHAPE: MUCUS THREAD

A

THREAD LIKE STRUCTURE

91
Q

DETERMINING CAUS OF DISEASE

A

HISTOPATHOLOGY

92
Q

SPECIMEN OF HISTOPHATOLOGY

A

AUTOPSY OR BIOPSY

93
Q

RECITE THE HISTOPATH STEPS

A

FIXATION
DEHYDRATION
CLEARING
INFILTRATION
EMBEDDING
TRIMMING
SECTIONING
STAINING
MOUNTING
LABELING

FDCIETSSML

94
Q

HOW MANY PERCENT OF FORMALIN IN FIXATION?

A

10%

95
Q

INCREASING CONCENTRATION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL

A

DEHYDRATION

96
Q

DEALCOHOLIZATION AKA?

A

CLEARING

97
Q

FILLING OF TISSUE SPACE WITH PARAFFIN WAX

A

INFILTRATION

98
Q

AKA MOLDING

A

EMBEDDING

99
Q

REMOVAL OF EXCESS PARAFIN

A

TRIMMING

100
Q

AKA MICROTOMY

A

SECTIONING

101
Q

USES HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN

A

STAINING

102
Q

COVER SLIP WITH MOUNTING FLUID

A

MOUNTING

103
Q

DONE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE SLIDE

A

LABELLING

104
Q

STUDY OF DNA AND RNA

A

GENETICS AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS

105
Q

USE CHARACTERISTIC TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF DISEASE

A

PHENOTYPIC

106
Q

USE DNA TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF DISEASE

A

GENOTYPIC

107
Q

STUDY THAT INVOLVES SEVERAL PERSONALITIES FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT

A

GENETICS

108
Q

FATHER OF GENETICS

A

GREGOR MENDEL

109
Q

WHERE GENES ARE LOCATED

A

CHROMOSOMES

110
Q

SEQUENCES OF NUCLEOTIDES IN A DNA OR NA / FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF INHERITANCE

A

GENES

111
Q

HUMAS HAVE __ PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES

A

23

112
Q

22 PAIRS ARE ___ 1 PAIR IS ____

A

AUTSOMES | SEX CHROMOSOMES

113
Q

MOLECULAR BASIS OF HEREDITY

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

114
Q

3 PARTS OF DNA

A

NITROGEN BASE
5 CARBON SUGAR
PHOSPHATE ESTER

115
Q

SUGAR FOR DNA

A

DEOXYRIBOSE

116
Q

SUGAR FOR RNA

A

RIBOSE

117
Q

4 NITROGEN BASES OF DNA

A

ADENINE
GUANINE
CYTOSINE
THYMINE

118
Q

MONOMER OF NUCLEIC ACID

A

NUCLEOTIDE

119
Q

DIFFERENTIATE NUCLEOTIDE AND NUCLEOSIDE

A

NUCLEOSIDE HAS NO PHOSPHATE GROUP, ONLY NITROGENOUS BASE AND SUGAR COMPARED TO THE OTHER

120
Q

BASE PAIRS (2)

A

CG
AT

121
Q

AALSO KNOWN AS “TWISTED LADDER”

A

WATSON AND CRICK MODEL OF DNA

122
Q

WATSON AND CRICK MODEL OF DNA AKA?

A

TWISTED LADDER

123
Q

BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROTEIN

A

AMINO ACIDS

124
Q

CODONS’ ABBREVIATION

A

UCAG

125
Q

DNA TESTING AKA? (2)

A

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS
GENOTYPIC IDENTIFICATION

126
Q

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS AKA?

A

DNA TESTING

127
Q

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AKA?

A

TARGET NA AMPLIFICATION

128
Q

TARGET NA AMPLIFICATION AKA?

A

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

129
Q

DENATURATION OF NA TARGET HEATING TEMPERATURE:

A

94c

130
Q

PRIMER ANNEALING HEATING TEMPERATURE:

A

50-58C

131
Q

EXTENSION OF PRIMER-TARGET DUPLEX HEATING TEMPERATURE:

A

720c

132
Q

EXTENSION OF PRIMER USES ENZYME?

A

TAQ POLYMERASE

133
Q

PCR USED FOR RNA TARGET

A

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR / RT-PCR

134
Q

REAL TIME PCR TIME

A

30-120MINS

135
Q

COURSES (6)

A

HEMATOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
HISTOPATHOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

Y1S1 (31 decks)

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