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YEAR 4 > Prep 1 > Flashcards

Prep 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A 35-year-old woman is moving spontaneously and opening her eyes but uttering only unintelligible sounds. Her husband reports that she has been unwell for about 48 hours. She initially seemed lethargic and a bit vague. This morning her speech was hesitant, and she had difficulty finding the words she was looking for. She has now had 2 generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures. She has previously been in good health. Her temp is 39.9 degrees

A

herpes simplex encephalitis

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2
Q

What is often first damaged in diabetic neuropathy?

A

dorsal column (fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioception)

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3
Q

Pain on eating or shaving

A

trigeminal neuralgia

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4
Q

Nerve supply to quadraceps?

A

Femoral nerve

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5
Q

Nerve supply to lateral thigh?

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

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6
Q

Nerve damage when doing IM injection at buttock?

A

sciatic nerve

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7
Q

What does sciatic nerve divide into at popliteal fossa?

A 
tibial nerve (posterior compartment)
common peroneal nerve (anterior and lateral compartments)
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8
Q

What supplies web space of great toe?

A

deep peroneal nerve

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9
Q

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration and innervation?

A 
sternocleidomastoid and scalenous
CN XI (accessory nerve)
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10
Q

What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch of?

A

CN X (vagus)

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11
Q

Where do the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves loop?

A

Left under arch of aorta

Right under right subclavian artery

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12
Q

CNXII palsy?

A

tongue deviates to affected side

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13
Q

Tremor with past pointing and unsteady gait

A

cerebeller

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14
Q

Resting tremor that disapears when stretching out hand

A

PD

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15
Q

Part of the brain that controls temperature?

A

hypothalamus

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16
Q

Muscle that raises eyebrows and innervation?

A

frontalis muscle

Facial nerve CN VII

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17
Q

Muscles of mastication innervation?

A

trigeminal V3

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18
Q

Visual field defect by pituitary adenoma compressing optic chiasm?

A

bitemporal hemianopia

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19
Q

Nerve supply to medial aspect of the shin?

A 
L4
saphenous nerve (femoral)
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20
Q

Sensory nerve fibres associated with dull aching pain?

A

C fibres

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21
Q

What part of the brain is involved in motor actions without conscious control?

A

cerebellum

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22
Q

What pathophysiological cause of headache is suggested when headache is worse in the morning and on bending forward, coughing, sneezing, streaming and lying down?

A

raised intracranial pressure

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23
Q

What is L-dopa metabolised to?

A

dopamine

used in PD

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24
Q

What side does fine touch ascend?

A

ipsilateral (dorsal columns)

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25
Q

What CSF finding supports SAH 6 hours post headache?

A

xanthochromia

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26
Q

Previous hx of optic neuritis, new onset sensory disturbance from T11 downwards. Significant right leg weakness, loss of proprioception and vibration. Left leg numbness and loss of pain and temperature

A

MS

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27
Q

Dermatome lateral border of the foot

A

S1

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28
Q

Dermatome in perianal area

A

S5

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29
Q

Sudden severe headache

A

SAH until proven otherwise

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30
Q

Micrographia is a feature of?

A

PD

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31
Q

What causes adam’s-strokes attacks?

A

lack of blood to the brain due to arrythmias (heart block)

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32
Q

Head injury months previously and now increasingly confused?

A

chronic subdural haematoma

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33
Q

test to distinguish haemorrhagic stroke from ischemic

A

CT

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34
Q

What drugs can impair folate absorption and lead to macrocytic anemia?

A

phenytoin
carbamazpine
barbiturates

35
Q

Bacterial meningitis following splenectomy

A

S.pneumoniae

36
Q

Nerve commonly damaged by slipped disc?

A

L5

37
Q

Rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor and intention tremor. Ataxia and positive babinskis

A

Multi system atrophy

38
Q

Build up of urophorphinogen

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

39
Q

Child crying in direct sunlight

A

erythropoietic protoporphyria

40
Q

Slapped cheek

A

Parvovirus 19

41
Q

Cluster of shiny red/purple papules with fine white streaks. Itchy. Often on flexor surfaces of arm?

A

Lichen planus

42
Q

Exclamation point hair?

A

allopecia

43
Q

1st line treatment for acne rosacea

A

topical metronidizole

44
Q

1st line treatment for acne vulgaris

A

topical retinoid (isotretinoin) or benzoyl peroxide

45
Q

What conditions are ass with koebner phenomenan?

A

psoriasis
lichen planus
vitiligo

46
Q

Management of impetigo?

A

topical fusidic acid or oral flucloxacillin if severe

47
Q

Difference between impetigo and erysipelas?

A

both are superficial skin infections
impetigo caused by staph aureus
erysipelas caused by strep pyogenes (GAS)

48
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

deeper dermal infection of skin and soft tissue

caused by strep pyogenes (GAS) and staph aureus

49
Q

Crepitus in the skin?

A

gas in the skin caused by CO2 produced by anaerobic bacteria in necrotising fascitis

50
Q

What causes staphlococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

epidermolytic exotoxin A&B released by staph aureas

51
Q

odland bodies

A

granular layer

52
Q

polyhedral cells with lots of desmosomes

A

prickle cell layer

53
Q

commonest sweat gland on the face, role in temperature, moistens palms and soles for grip

A

eccrine

54
Q

gland affected in acne, androgen surge at puberty stimulates sebum, maintains skin barrier

A

sebaceous glands

55
Q

scent gland

A

appocrine

56
Q

hard and densely packed keratin similar to hair

A

nails

57
Q

Phases of hair growth

A

anagen
catagen
telogen

58
Q

transient pressure sensation

A

pacinian corpuscles

59
Q

pain and temperature sensation

A

free nerve endings

60
Q

tactile, light touch and vibration sensation in hairless skin

A

meissners

61
Q

light touch located in hair follicles

A

merkel discs

62
Q

Waterproof layer of skin

A

keratin

63
Q

regulation of temperature in skin

A

blood vessels

64
Q

location of vitamin d metabolism

A

keratinocytes

65
Q

when do sweat glads develop

A

at 6 months

66
Q

where are nuclei lost

A

granular layer

67
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

increased thickness of keratin layer

68
Q

parakeratosis

A

retention of nuclei in keratin layer

69
Q

acanthosis

A

thickening of epidermis

70
Q

spongiosis

A

oedema between keratinocytes

71
Q

Ash leaf macule

A

Tuberose sclerosis

72
Q

What virus causes warts?

A

HPV

73
Q

What is mild acne?

A

facial open and closed comedomes

74
Q

Management of cellulitis

A

flucloxacillin (doxycyclin if pen allergic)

75
Q

Management of necrotising fasciitis

A

surgical debridement

76
Q

Management of ringworm

A

clotrimazole cream or terbinafine orally if extensive

77
Q

Management of candida skin infections

A

clotrimazole cream
oral fluconazole
oral nystatin

78
Q

Treatment of scabies

A

permethrin cream
or malathion lotion ( not in pregnancy or <6months)
Treat all family member
Apply to skin for 24hrs

79
Q

Treatment options for lice

A

malathion (toxic)
dimeticone (non-toxic, coats the lice)
combing

80
Q

Common HPV in wart, genital warts and cervical Ca?

A

Warts/verrucas 1-4
Genital warts 6&11
Cervical Ca 16&18

81
Q

Management options for warts/verrucas?

A

self resolving
cyrotherapy >7yrs
topical salicyclic acid (keratolytic)

82
Q

What is ramsey hunt syndrome?

A

reactivation of VZV in geniculate ganglion (nerve cell bundle of facial nerve)

83
Q

Most common skin cancer in the UK

A

BCC

84
Q

Purple lesions on elbows in elderly man

A

lichen planus

YEAR 4 (27 decks)

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