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YEAR 4 > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Schistocytes

A

intravascular haemolysis

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2
Q

Pepper pot skull

A

myeloma

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3
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

myeloma

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4
Q

Reed-sternberg cells

A

hodgekins lymphoma

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5
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

9:22 translation

chronic myeloid leukemia

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6
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV (mononucleosis)

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7
Q

Auer rods

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

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8
Q

Bence jones proteins

A

multiple myeloma

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9
Q

Itchy after hot bath

A

polycythemia rubra vera

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10
Q

Translocation 8:14

A

burkitts lymphoma

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11
Q

African kid with histroy of EBV and tumour on face/jaw

A

burkitts lymphoma

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12
Q

Alcohol makes it worse

A

Hodgkins lymphoma

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13
Q

Haemarthrosis

A

haemophilia

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14
Q

Bleeding into joint

A

Problem with secondary haemostasis

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15
Q

Reduced levels of factor IX with christmas disease

A

Haemophilia B

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16
Q

young boy with reduced levels of factor VIII and increased APTT

A

haemophilia A

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17
Q

Congo red staining

A

amyloid deposition of biopsied tissue in myeloma and AA amyloidosis

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18
Q

Schillings test

A

B12 deficiency

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19
Q

Smudge cells (immature leukocytes)

A

CLL

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20
Q

Jak-2 mutation

A

PRV or essential thrombocytopenia

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21
Q

NBT test

A

CGD

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22
Q

Positive schumms test

A

intravascular haemolytis anaemia

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23
Q

Hair on end skull xray

A

major beta thalassemia

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24
Q

Bite cells, blister cells and heinz bodies

A

G6PD deficiency

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25
Russell bodies
chronic inflammation
26
What 2 lineages can the multipotent haematopoietic stem cell give rise to?
Common myeloid progenitor | Common lymphoid progenitor
27
What key cells does the myeloid lineage give rise to?
platelets erythrocytes granulocytes monocytes
28
What cells are granulocytes?
Polymorphoneuclear leukocytes - mast cells - neutrophils - eosinophils - basophils
29
What does a monocyte give rise to in tissues?
macrohpages or dendritic cells
30
What is the precursor of erythrocytes?
reticulocytes
31
What is the precursor of platelets?
megakaryocyte
32
What cells arise from the lymphoid lineage?
Lymphoid DCs T lymphocytes B lymphocytes NK cells
33
What does a polychromatic blood film suggest?
large number of reticulocytes
34
management of iron deficiency anaemia?
identify cause of low iron | ferous fumerate iron tablets
35
What does vitamin c do to iron absorption?
increases it (keeps it in Fe2+ form)
36
What causes sideroblastic anaemia and causes the characteristic ringed sideroblastic appearance?
defect in porphyrin ring production, iron enters the RBC but cant bind to the defective ring
37
What do parietal cells in stomach produce?
HCl | IF
38
What do cheif cells in the stomach produce?
Pepsin
39
What is ataxia?
neurological sign lack of voluntary coordination of skeletal muscles (problems with coordination balance and speech) indicates damage to areas that coordinate movement e.g. cerebellum
40
How are thallassemias inherited?
autosomal recessive
41
Where are the alpha globin chain genes and how many are there?
``` chromosome 16 4 genes (2 on each) ```
42
Where are the beta globin chain genes and how many are there?
``` chromosome 11 2 genes (1 on each) ```
43
What happens to the genes in alpha and beta thalassemia?
alpha: deletion of gene beta: point mutation of the gene
44
What does a blood film show in HbBarts/hydrops fetalis?
nucleated RBCs in peripheral blood
45
What are haemoglbinopathys?
ingerited disorders of haemoglobin sythesis
46
When is HbH found and what is it?
alpha thalassemia with 1 alpha gene | tetramers of b chains
47
HbH inclusions
alpha thalassaemia HbH disease
48
Raised HbA2 on high performance liquid chromatography?
beta thalassemia trait (B+/B) (Bo/B) | A2, Delta2
49
Why is it important to give drugs such as desferrioxamine in those receiving life long transfusions?
iron binder prevents the absorption of dietary iron prevents iron overload (secondary haemochromatosis)
50
What signs and symptoms are seen in b thallasema major?
presents 6-24 months with failure to thrive, pallor and anaemic signs splenomegaly skull bossing
51
Blood film of severe thallasemia?
hypochromic microcytic cells target cells aniosopoikiolytes
52
When is reticulocyte count classically raised?
bone marrow is highly active in an attempt to replace red blood cell loss (anaemia caused by blood loss or haemolytic anaemia)
53
What causes aplastic crisis in sickle cell anaemia?
parovirus 19 | destroys RBCs precursors drastically reducing marrow production (usually self limiting may need transfusion)
54
What drug can be given in sickle cell anaemia to those with frequent crisis?
hydroxycarbamide
55
What do spherocytes on blood film indicate?
membrane damage to RBC intravascular haemolysis
56
What do red cell fragments on blood film indicate?
mechanical damage
57
What do heinz bodies on blood film indicate?
oxidative damage
58
Dimer AB
IgA
59
Pentamer AB
IgM
60
Monomer AB
IgD,E,G
61
Philidelphia chromosome?
ALL 9:22 translocation seen in ALL more commonly in adults | poor prognosis
62
What does allopurinol do?
prevent tumour lysis syndrome
63
What conditions are associated with increased MCV but no anaemia?
liver disease alcohol excess hypothyroidism

YEAR 4 (27 decks)

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