Obs & Gynae

Question 1

USS snowstorm appearance and frogspawn when expelled

Answer 1

hydatiform mole

Question 2

Antepartum haemorrhage in patient with succenturiate lobe or velamentous cord insertion

Answer 2

vasa preavia (fetal blood vessels cross or run near internal uterus)

Question 3

Succenturiate lobe

Answer 3

smaller accessory placental lobe separate from the main disc of placenta

Question 4

Velamentous cord insertion

Answer 4

instead of central insertion into the placenta, the cord inserts into fetal membranes and travels within them to the placenta (between amnion and chorion)

Question 5

Amnion

Answer 5

membrane closely covering the embryo when it first forms

Question 6

Chorion

Answer 6

outermost fetal membrane

Question 7

Risks of velamentous cord insertion

Answer 7

not protected by whartons jelly more likely to rupture

Question 8

Maternal blood and no fetal distress

Answer 8

Placenta previa (placenta lying low in uterus, next to or covering cervix)
caution on vaginal examination

Question 9

Fetal blood and sudden fetal distress

Answer 9

vasa previa (treat with c-section)

Question 10

Doughy abdomen

Answer 10

placenta accreta (placenta grows too deeply, often caused by scarring from previous c-sections or endometrial ablation) 
c-section with hysterectomy

Question 11

Fetal distress and loss of engagement

Answer 11

uterine rupture (in complete rupture contents of uterus can reach peritoneal cavity) 
uterine scars from previous c-section is biggest risk

Question 12

PPH followed by pituitary failure

Answer 12

Sheehan’s Syndrome

Question 13

Strawberry cervix

Answer 13

trichomonas vaginalis

treat with metronidizole

Question 14

Clue cells, pH >4.5

Answer 14

bacterial vaginosis

treat with metronidizole

Question 15

Prolapse with back pain

Answer 15

uterine prolapse

Question 16

Woody abdomen (large and tense)

Answer 16

placental abruption

Question 17

COCP increases risk of what cancers?

Answer 17

breast and cervical

Question 18

COCP decreases risk of what cancers?

Answer 18

ovarian and endometrial

Question 19

Wolffian glands

Answer 19

develop into male repro tracts

Question 20

Mullerian glands

Answer 20

develop into female repro tracts

Question 21

What type of muscle is levator ani?

Answer 21

skeletal (tonically contracted and reflexes contracts when increased intra abdo pressure)

Question 22

What are the 2 main ligaments of uterus?

Answer 22

broad (double layer of peritoneum)

round (embryological remnant)

Question 23

What nerve supplies lavator ani?

Answer 23

nerve to levator ani

S3,4,5

Question 24

What supplies perineal muscles?

Answer 24

pudendal nerve

Question 25

lymphatic drainage of the breast

Answer 25

> 75% to ipsilateral axillary nodes then to supraclavicular nodes
inner quadrants to parasternal nodes to supraclavicular nodes
lymph from lower inner breast to abdominal nodes

Question 26

Where does right lymphatic duct drain back into blood

Answer 26

junction of right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein

Question 27

Where does left thoracic duct drain back into blood

Answer 27

junction of left internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein