Prelim | Respiratory System | Nose Flashcards
Main functions of the respiratory system
- Respiration and Ventilation
- Reguates blood pH
- Contains receptors for sense of smell
filters inspired air
produces vocal sounds
excretes small amounts of water and heat
Differentiate respiration and ventilation
Ventilation: Inhalation and exhalation; Physical movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract
Respiration: Actual exchange of gases
Refers to the gas exchange intake of oxygen for delivery to body cells, and removal of CO2 produced by the blood cells
Respiration
Blood pH
7.4
Process of producing vocal sounds
Phonation
Nose hairs
Vibrissae
Divisions of the respiratory system
- Structural Division
- Functional Division
Structural division of respiratory system & its organs
Upper Respiratory System (3)
- Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx
Lower Respiratory System (4)
- Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Functional divisions of the respiratory system & its organs
Conducting zone (6)
- Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi
Respiratory zone (4)
- Bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts, alveoli
Size (Dimensions) of the nose
Male: 2.2 inches
Female: 2 inches
Shape of the nose
Triangular; varies
Other nose shapes examples:
- Droopy
- Roman
- Bulbous
- Flat
- Pointed
- Delicate
Location of the nose
Outer: center of the face, ventral
Inner: above roof of mouth
Compositions of the nose
- Bone
- Cartilages
- Adipose tissues
Functions of the nose (external)
- Allows air to enter body
- Filters debris
- Warms and moistens air
Surface anatomy of the nose
- Root
- Apex
- Bridge
- External Naris / Nares
- Columella
Superior attachment of nose to frontal bone
Root
Tip of the nose
Apex
Bony framework of the nose formed by the nasal bones
Bridge
External openings of the nose
External nares/ Nostrils
External; Separates the nares
Columella
Frameworks of the external nose & its structures
- Bony framework
- Frontal bone
- Nasal bone
- Maxilla - Cartilaginous Framework
- Lateral nasal cartilages
- Septal cartilage
- Alar cartilage (Minor and major)
Inferior to the nasal bones; has left and right portions
Lateral nasal cartlage
Forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum (inner partition)
Septal cartilage
Form a portion of the walls of the nostrils
Alar cartilages
Specialized organ at the entrance of the respiratory system that consists of a visible external portion and an internal portion inside the skull and nasal cavity
Nose
Types of cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic cartilage
Non-vascular connective tissue
Cartilage
Other terms for major alar cartilage
Greater Alar or Cartilage of the Aperture
Other terms for minor alar cartilage
Lesser Alar or Sesamoid
What composes the major alar cartilage?
- Lateral crus
- Medial crus
Accessory cartilage (?) of the nose
- Alar cartilage
- Vomeronasal cartilage
Functions of the internal nose
- Warming, moistening, filtering of incoming air
- Detecting olfactory stimuli
- Modifying speech vibrations
Where does the filtering of incoming air take place?
Vibrissae (nose hairs)
