Midterm | Ureters, UB, Urethra Flashcards
Main function of the ureters
Transports urine from the renal pelvis of one kidney to the urinary bladder
LENGTH AND DIAMETER OF URETERS
LENGTH: 25-30 cm (10-12 in.)
DIAMETER: 1 mm to 10 mm
SHAPE OF THE URETERS
THICK-WALLED NARROW TUBE
LOCATION OF URETERS
RETROPERITONEAL
ANTERIOR TO PSOAS MUSCLE
VALVES OF URETERS
NO ANATOMICAL VALVE
NORMAL CONSTRICTIONS OF THE URETERS
- URETROPELVIC JUNCTION
- BRIM OF PELVIS
- URETEROVESICAL JUNCTION
Constriction of the ureter at which the renal pelvis funnels down into the small ureter
URETROPELVIC JUNCTION
Constriction of the ureter where the iliac blood vessels cross over the ureters
PELVIC BRIM (BRIM OF PELVIS)
Constriction of the ureter where the ureter joins the bladder
URETEROVESICAL JUNCTION
LAYERS OF THE URETERS
MUCOSA
MUSCULARIS
ADVENTITIA
Layer of the ureter close to the lumen
Mucosa
URETER MUSCOSA IS A MUCOUS MEMBRANE WITH
- TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
- LAMINA PROPIA of areolar connective tissue with considerable collagen, elastic fibers, and lymphatic tissue
Steetches to accomodate the variable amount of fluid
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
INTERMEDIATE COAT OF THE URETERS
MUSCULARIS
MAIN FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULARIS OF THE URETERS
PERISTALSIS
MUSCULARIS OF THE URETERS IS COMPOSED OF
- INNER LONGITUDINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE
- OUTER CIRCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE
- DISTAL THIRD CONTAINS
3. ADDITIONAL OUTER LONGITUDINAL
SUPERFICIAL COAT OF THE URETERS
ADVENTITA
ADVENTITA is a layer of (1) containing (2), (3), and (4)
- areolar connective tissue
- blood vessels
- lymphatic vessels
- nerves
Storage organ that temporarily stores urine until convenient to discharge from body
URINARY BLADDER
AVERAGE CAPACITY OF THE URINARY BLADDER
300-500mL (Bontrager)
700-800mL (Tortora)
SHAPE OF URINARY BLADDER
PEAR-SHAPED: distended
TETRAHEDRAL: empty
LOCATION OF URINARY BLADDER
In the pelvic cavity
Posterior to pubic symphysis
How do you locate the pubic smphysis without palpation?
Locate the midline of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
LOCATION OF URINARY BLADDER (MALE)
ANTERIOR TO RECTUM
LOCATION OF URINARY BLADDER (FEMALE)
ANTERIOR TO VAGINA AND INFERIOR TO UTERUS
ANATOMY OF THE URINARY BLADDER
- TRIGONE
- URETERAL OPENINGS
- INTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE
Small triangular area in the floor of the bladder
TRIGONE
2 posterior corners of the trigone; opening of the ureters
URETERAL OPENINGS
Part of the urinary bladder that lies in the anterior corner
INTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE
LAYERS OF THE URINARY BLADDER
MUCOSA
MUSCULARIS
ADVENTITIA
SEROSA
MUCOSA of the URINARY BLADDER is composed of
- Transitional epithelium
- Lamina propria
Where is the rugae of the UB located?
Mucosa
- Rugae is also known as mucosal folds
Intermediate layer of the urinary bladder
MUSCULARIS
Other term for the muscularis of the UB
Detrusor muscle
The muscularis of the UB contains 3 layers of (1) namely,
2.
3.
4.
- smooth muscles
- inner longitudinal
- middle circular
- outer longitudinal
superficial layer of the urinary bladder
ADVENTITIA
layer of areolar connective tissue in the urinary bladder that is continuous with the ureters
ADVENTITIA
layer of the urinary bladder that is also the layer of visceral peritoneum
SEROSA
drainage tube that transports stored urine from body
URETHRA
FUNCTIONS OF THE MALE URETHRA
- PASSAGEWAY OF URINE
- PASSAGEWAY OF SEMEN
FUNCTION OF FEMALE URETHRA
PASSAGEWAY OF URINE
LENGTH OF THE MALE AND FEMALE URETHRA
M: 17.5 - 20cm (8 in.)
F: 4cm (1.5 in.)
SHAPE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE URETHRA
M: SMALL TUBE
F: SMALL TUBE
LOCATION OF THE MALE URETHRA
- extends from internal urethral orifice
- to the prostate, then through the deep muscles and penis
LOCATION OF THE FEMALE URETHRA
- posterior to pubic symphysis
- directed obliquely, inferiorly, and anteriorly
THREE ANATOMICAL REGIONS OF THE MALE URETHRA
- PROSTATIC URETHRA
- INTERMEDIATE (MEMBRANOUS) URETHRA
- SPONGY URETHRA
Differentiate the 3 anatomical regions of the MALE urethra in terms of what they pass through
PROSTATIC URETHRA: passes through the prostate
INTERMEDIATE (MEMBRANOUS) URETHRA: through the deep muscle of the perineum
SPONGY URETHRA: passes through the penis
Shortest portion of the region of the male urethra
INTERMEDIATE (MEMBRANOUS) URETHRA
Longest portion of the region of the male urethra
SPONGY URETHRA
EPITHELIUM OF THE PROSTATIC URETHRA
transitional epithelium
EPITHELIUM OF THE INTERMEDIATE (MEMBRANOUS) URETHRA
stratified columnar or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
EPITHELIUM OF THE SPONGY URETHRA
stratified columnar or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
EPITHELIUM OF SPONGY URETHRA FOR URETHRAL MEATUS
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria of the male urethra
areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers and plexus of veins
MUSCULARIS OF THE PROSTATIC URETHRA
circular smooth muscle fibers
MUSCULARIS OF THE INTERMEDIATE (MEMBRANOUS) URETHRA
circularly arranged skeletal muscle fibers of the deep muscles
MUSCULARIS OF THE SPONGY URETHRA
corpus spongiosum
LAYERS OF THE FEMALE URETHRA
MUCOSA
MUSCULARIS
Deep layer of the female urethra
MUCOSA
Mucous membrane of the mucosa of the female urethra is composed of
epithelium and lamina propia
Muscularis of the female urethra consists of (1)-arranged (2) and is continuous with that of the (3)
- circularly
- smooth muscle fibers
- urinary bladder
Factors that pushes urine from the renal pelvis to the UB
- Gravity
- Hydrostatic pressure
- Peristaltic contraction