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122 > Prelim | Liver, Gallbladder, & Biliary Tree > Flashcards

Prelim | Liver, Gallbladder, & Biliary Tree Flashcards

1
Q

Heaviest gland

A

Liver

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2
Q

Weight of the liver

A

1.4 kg

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3
Q

Second largest organ

A

Liver

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4
Q

Location of the liver

A

Inferior to the diaphragm

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5
Q

2 lobes of the liver

A

Right lobe (larger)
Left lobe

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6
Q

Left lobe of the liver consists of

A

quadrate lobe
caudate lobe

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7
Q

Separates right lobe and left lobe of the liver

A

Falciform Ligament

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8
Q

Quadrate vs caudate lobe

A

Quadrate: Inferior
Caudate: Posterior

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9
Q

Ligament that divides the right lobe of liver from the diaphragm

A

Coronary ligament

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10
Q

Ligament that divides the left lobe of liver from the diaphragm

A

Left triangular ligament

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11
Q

Ligament that is the remnant of your umbilicus (umbilical cord)

A

ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)

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12
Q

Components of the liver

A
  1. Hepatocytes
    • Hepatic laminae
  2. Bile canaliculi
  3. Hepatic sinusoids
    • Stellate reticuloendothelial (Kupffer) cells
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13
Q

Functional cell of the liver

A

Hepatocytes

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14
Q

How much of the liver’s volume do the hepatocytes comprise?

A

80%

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15
Q

Hepatocytes are — sided cells in the liver

A

5-12

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16
Q

Plate of hepatocytes; group of hepatocytes

A

Hepatic laminae

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17
Q

Major function of hepatocytes

A

Produces bile (helps for chemical digestion)

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18
Q

Blood capillaries where blood flows for the liver to absorb oxygen

A

Hepatic sinusoids

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19
Q

Destroy worn-out white and red blood cells

A

Stellate reticuloendothelial cells/ Kupffer cells

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20
Q

Hepatic sinusoids converge and deliver blood into a —

A

central vein

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21
Q

PORTAL of TRIAD consists of

A
  • Bile duct
  • Hepatic artery
  • Hepatic vein
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22
Q

Hepatic vein vs hepatic artery

A

Hepatic artery: Red (Oxygenated blood)
Hepatic vein: Blue (Deoxygenated blood)

*Bile duct: doesn’t have a color

23
Q

ANATOMICAL and FUNCTIONAL units of the liver

A
  1. Hepatic lobule
  2. Portal lobule
  3. Hepatic acinus
24
Q

Functional unit of the liver

A

Hepatic lobule

25
Q

Shapes of the liver’s anatomical and functional units

A
  1. Hepatic lobule: Hexagon
  2. Portal lobule: Triangle
  3. Hepatic acinus: Oval
26
Q

Unit of the liver that has an exocrine function (secretes bile)

A

Portal lobule

27
Q

Most preferred functional and structural unit of the liver

A

Hepatic acinus

28
Q

Cells in zone 1 of the liver (closest to the branches of the portal triad)

A
  • First to receive oxygen, nutrients, and toxins
  • First to take up glucose
  • Last one to die and first to regenerate
29
Q

Cells in the zone 2 of the liver

A

Intermediate

30
Q

Cells in zone 3 of the liver (farthest from the branches of the portal triad)

A
  • Last to show obstruction or exposure to toxins
  • First to show evidence of fat accumulation
31
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY of the liver

A

Hepatic artery (O) and hepatic portal vein (D) –>
Hepatic sinusoids –>
Central vein –>
Hepatic vein –>
Inferior vena cava –>
Right atrium of heart

HHCHIR

32
Q

Oxygenated blood supplies oxygen through hepatic artery; deoxygenated blood supplies — to the liver through hepatic vein

A

nutrients

33
Q

Shape of the gallbladder

A

Pear

34
Q

Location of the gallbladder

A

Posterior to the liver

35
Q

Measurement of the gallbladder

A

7-10cm (3-4”) long

36
Q

Parts of the gallbladder

A
  • fundus
  • body
  • neck
37
Q

Where is the neck of the gallbladder connected to?

A

Cystic duct

38
Q

Function of the gallbladder

A

Store and concentrate bile (until it is needed by the duodenum)

39
Q

In the gallbladder, this is absorbed to make concentrated bile

A

water (and ions)

40
Q

Layers of the gallbladder

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Muscularis
  3. Perimuscularis
  4. Serosa
41
Q

The (1) of the gallbladder consists of (2) arranged in rugae resembling those of the stomach.

A
  1. mucosa
  2. simple columnar epithelium
42
Q

What layer does the wall of the gallbladder lack?

A

Submucosa

43
Q

BILIARY TREE consists of

A
  1. R & L hepatic duct
  2. Common hepatic duct
  3. Cystic duct
  4. Common bile duct
  5. Pancreatic duct
  6. Ampulla of Vater
44
Q

Storage of bile from the liver to gallbladder

A
  1. Hepatocyte
  2. Bile canaliculi
  3. Bile ductules
  4. Bile ducts
  5. R & L Hepatic ducts
  6. Common hepatic duct
  7. Cystic duct
  8. Gallbladder

HBBBHCCG

45
Q

Release of bile from the gallbladder to SI

A
  1. Gallbladder
  2. Cystic duct
  3. Common bile duct
  4. Pancreatic duct
  5. Ampullar of Vater
  6. Sphincter of Oddi
  7. Duodenum

GCC PASD

46
Q

Process of breaking down large lipid to small lipid (fats)

A

Emulsification

47
Q

Done so that pancreatic lipase may digest fat

A

Emulsification

48
Q

Function of the bile salts

A

Emulsification and absorption of lipids

49
Q

How much bile is secreted per day?

A

800-1000 ml

50
Q

Color of bile

A

Yellow, brownish, or olive-green

51
Q

pH of bile

A

7.6-8.6

52
Q

Components of bile

A
  1. Water
  2. Bile salts
  3. Cholesterol
  4. Phospholipid (lecithin)
  5. Bile pigments
  6. Several ions

BB ChoPho Se Water

53
Q

FUNCTION OF LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND BILIARY TREE

A
  1. carbohydrate metabolism
  2. lipid metabolism
  3. protein metabolism
  4. processing of drugs and hormones
  5. excretion of bilirubin
  6. synthesis of bile ducts
  7. storage
  8. phagocytosis
  9. activation of vitamin D

MAPS SEP

122 (23 decks)

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