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122 > Prelim | Digestive System > Flashcards

Prelim | Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions of the digestive system

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Secretion
  3. Mixing and propulsion
  4. Digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defacation
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2
Q

Process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body

A

Ingestion

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3
Q

Each day, cells within the walls of the GI tract and accessory digestive organs secrete a total of about —

A

7 liters

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4
Q

Alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle to move food toward the anus

A

Propulsion

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5
Q

Another term for “churning”

A

Mixing

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6
Q

Process of breaking down ingested food into small molecules that can be used by body cells

A

Digestion

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7
Q

2 types of digestion

A

Chemical and Mechanical DIgestion

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8
Q

Eliminated material

A

Feces/ stool

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9
Q

Divisions/ Groups of the Digestive System

A

GI Tract/ Alimentary Canal
Accessory Digestive Organs

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10
Q

Composition of Alimentary Canal

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
Rectum

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11
Q

Composition of Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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12
Q

“Alimentary” meaning

A

Nourishment

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13
Q

Layers of the GI Tract

A
  1. Mucosa
    a. Epithelium
    b. Lamina Propria
    c. Muscularis Mucosae
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
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14
Q

Inner lining of the GI tract

A

Mucosa

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15
Q

Layer of the GI tract closest to the lumen

A

Mucosa

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16
Q

Outermost layer of the GI tract

A

Serosa

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17
Q

Epithelium found in the MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, and ANAL CANAL and its function

A

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Protection

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18
Q

Epithelium found in the STOMACH and INTESTINES, and its function

A

Simple columnar epithelium

Secretion and absorption; restricts leakage between cells

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19
Q

The epithelium in the mucosa has these cells

A

EXOCRINE and ENDOCRINE cells

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20
Q

Exocrine vs Endocrine cells in terms of what they secrete

A

Exocrine cells: Mucus and fluid
Endocrine cells: Hormones

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21
Q

Several types of endocrine cells are collectively called —

A

Enteroendocrine cells

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22
Q

Functions in modulation of food intake and regulation of the release of insulin

A

Hormones

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23
Q

Hormones produced by the endocrine cells

A
  1. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  2. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)
  3. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)
  4. Somatostatin
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24
Q

Areolar connective tissue containing many blood and lymphatic vessels, which are the routes by which nutrients absorbed into the GI tract

A

Lamina Propria

25
Q

Lamina Propria contains the majority of the cells of the —

A

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

26
Q

Where is MALT present?

A

GI tract, especially in the
tonsils
small intestine
appendix
large intestine

27
Q

These prominent lymphatic nodules contain immune system cells that protect against disease

A

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

28
Q

A thin layer of smooth muscle fibers that throws the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine into many small folds, which increase the surface area for digestion and absorption

A

Muscularis mucosae

29
Q

Movements of the — ensure that all absorptive cells are fully exposed to the contents of the GI tract; all nutrients are fully absorbed by the body

A

muscularis mucosae

30
Q

Submucosa consists of (1) that binds the (2) to the (3)

A
  1. areolar connective tissue
  2. mucosa
  3. muscularis
31
Q

It contains many blood and lymphatic vessels that receive absorbed food molecules

A

Submucosa

32
Q

Extensive network of neurons

A

Submucosal plexus/ Meissner plexus

33
Q

Cells of the nervous system

A

Neurons

34
Q

Submucosa may also contain (1) and (2)

A
  1. glands
  2. lymphatic tissue
35
Q

The muscularis consists of smooth muscle that is found in what two sheets?

A

a. Inner sheet of circular fibers
b. Outer sheet of longitudinal fibers

36
Q

The muscularis consists of skeletal muscles on what areas?

A

a. Mouth, pharynx, superior and middle parts of esophagus
b. External anal sphincter

37
Q

Located between the layers of the muscularis

A

Myenteric plexus/ Auerbach plexus

38
Q

Serosa is a serous membrane composed of (1) and (2) that are suspended in the (3) cavity

A
  1. areolar connective tissue
  2. simple squamous epithelium
  3. abdominal
39
Q

The serosa is also called the (1)because it forms a portion of the (2)

A
  1. visceral peritoneum
  2. peritoneum
40
Q

This organ lacks a serosa

A

Esophagus (contains adventitia)

41
Q

Divisions of the peritoneum

A
  1. Parietal peritoneum
    * Peritoneal cavity
  2. Visceral peritoneum
42
Q

Lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

43
Q

Cover some of the organs/serosa

A

Visceral peritoneum

44
Q

Slim space between parietal and visceral peritoneum; contains lubricating serous fluid

A

Peritoneal cavity

45
Q

A condition wherein the peritoneal cavity becomes swollen by the accumulation of several liters of fluid; fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen

A

Ascites

46
Q

Condition in which blood collects in your pleural space

A

Hemothorax

47
Q

Occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall

A

Pneumothorax

48
Q

A collection of pus in the cavity between the lung and the membrane that surrounds it

A

Empyema

49
Q

An acute inflammation of the peritoneum

A

Peritonitis

50
Q

Peritoneal folds

A
  1. Greater omentum
  2. Falciform ligament
  3. Lesser omentum
  4. Mesentery
  5. Mesocolon
51
Q

Largest peritoneal folds

A

Greater omentum

52
Q

Like “fatty apron”

A

Greater omentum

53
Q

Greater omentum contains (1) and (2)

A
  1. adipose tissues
  2. lymph nodes
54
Q

Four attachments of the greater omentum

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Duodenum
  3. Small intestine
  4. Transverse colon
55
Q

Attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

A

Falciform Ligament

56
Q

Anterior fold in the serosa of the stomach and duodenum, and it connects the stomach and duodenum to the liver

A

Lesser omentum

57
Q

Fan-shaped fold that binds the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesentery

58
Q

Two separate folds that bind the transverse colon and sigmoid colon of the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesocolon

59
Q

A process that occurs when food is forced back into the body of the stomach because most food particles in the stomach initially are too large to fit through the narrow pyloric sphincter

A

Retropulsion

122 (23 decks)

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