Prelim | Pharynx & Esophagus

Question 1

The pharynx is a (1)- shaped tube that extends from the (2) to the (3) posteriorly and to the (4) anteriorly

Answer 1

1. funnel
2. internal nares
3. esophagus
4. larynx

Question 2

Divisions of the pharynx

Answer 2

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Larngopharynx

Question 3

The esophagus is a (1) muscular tube, about (2) long, that lies posterior to the (3).

Answer 3

1. collapsible
2. 25 cm (12 in.)
3. trachea

Question 4

2 sphincters of the esophagus

Answer 4

1. Upper esophageal sphincter
2. Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 5

Upper vs lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 5

Upper: towards the esophagus
Lower: towards the stomach

Question 6

Phases of deglutition

Answer 6

1. Voluntary stage
2. Pharyngeal stage
3. Esophageal stage

Question 7

Bolus is forced to the back of the oral cavity and into the oropharynx by the movement of the tongue upward and backward against the palate

Answer 7

Voluntary stage (deglutition)

Question 8

During pharyngeal stage, the bolus stimulates (1) in the oropharynx, which send impulses to the (2).

The bolus moves through the (3) and the (4), and into the (5).

Answer 8

1. receptors
2. deglutition center
3. oropharynx
4. laryngopharynx
5. upper esophageal sphinter

Question 9

When does esophageal stage of swallowing start?

Answer 9

Once bolus enters the esophagus

Question 10

Progression of coordinated contractions and relaxations of the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis

Answer 10

Peristalsis

Question 11

Stage of swallowing when peristalsis occurs

Answer 11

Esophageal stage

Question 12

How long it takes before liquids reach the stomach

Answer 12

1s

Question 13

How long it takes before foods reach the stomach

Answer 13

4-8s

Question 14

What fails to close after food has entered the somach, causing food to reflux into the inferior portion of the esophagus?

Answer 14

lower esophageal sphincter

Question 15

Condition where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close adequately after food has entered the stomach causing its contents to reflux into the inferior portion of the esophagus.

Answer 15

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 16

Codition caused by malfunction of the myenteric plexus in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax normally as food approaches. A whole meal may become lodged in the esophagus and enter the stomach very slowly. Distension of the esophagus results in chest pain that is often confused with pain originating from the heart

Answer 16

Achalasia