Precipitation

Question 1

Precipitation

Answer 1

Soluble Ag + Soluble Ab = Insoluble complex

Question 2

Factors that affects precipitation

Answer 2

pH
Temperature
Binding characteristics: Affinity Avidity
Salt concentration
Proportion of Reactants: Equivalence zone

Question 3

Affinity

Answer 3

Univalent reaction or binding strength of a single determinant and a single combining site

Question 4

Avidity

Answer 4

Multivalent reaction or total binding strength of a single determinant to all the binding sites on a single antibody molecule

Question 5

Equivalence Point is the __________ which antigen and antibody dilution is at its maximum so that precipitation occurs

Answer 5

Equivalence Point is the POINT OF MAXIMUM/POINT OF PRECIPITATION which antigen and antibody dilution is at its maximum so that precipitation occurs

Question 6

Prozone:
Equivalence Zone:
Postzone:

Answer 6

Prozone: Excess Ab
Equivalence Zone: Visible precipitation
Postzone: Excess Ag

Question 7

___________ only occurs when antigen combines with only one or two antibody molecules, and no cross-linkages are formed.

Answer 7

Postzone/Prozone phenomenon

Question 8

Precipitation reaction methods

Fluid:
Gel:

Answer 8

Precipitation reaction methods

Fluid: antigen is always in solution
Gel: antigen in suspended form and uses a semi-solid medium (agar, agarose, nitrocellulose)

Question 9

Measures light blocked

Answer 9

Turbidimetry

Question 10

Increase turbidity = ________ concentration

Answer 10

Increase turbidity = DECREASE concentration

Question 11

Measures light scattered

Answer 11

Nephelometry

Question 12

A type of nephelometric reaction which is allowed to run essentially to completion

Answer 12

Endpoint Nehphelometry

Question 13

Nephelometers measure light scatter at

angles ranging from __________________

Answer 13

10 degrees to about 90 degrees

Question 14

Most common type and rapid type of nephelometry

Answer 14

Kinetic Nephelometry

Question 15

Principle in Kinetic Nephelometry

Answer 15

Rate of scattering increase and is measured immediately after the reagent is added

Question 16

Classification of Precipitation techniques

Answer 16

Pasive (Gel) Immunodiffusion
- Single Diffusion, Single Dimension
- Double Diffusion, Single Dimension
- Single Diffusion, Double Dimension
- Double Dimension, Double Dimension
Electroimmunofiffusion