Autoimmune Diseases

Question 1

Diseases due to the presence of autoantibodies

Answer 1

Autoimmune disorders

Question 2

Most common autoimmune disease

Answer 2

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 3

Rheumatoid arthritis is both a ______________ and __________ disease

Answer 3

Rheumatoid arthritis is both a ORGAN SPECIFIC and SYSTEMIC disease

Question 4

Due to chronic inflammation of the joints due to immune complexes deposited in joints in the presence of rheumatoid factor

Answer 4

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 5

Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 5

Rheumatoid Factor

Question 6

Rheumatoid factor are _____ class directed towards Fc portion of the ______

Answer 6

Rheumatoid factor are IgM class directed towards Fc portion of the IgG

Question 7

HLA associated to RA

Answer 7

HLA-DR4

Question 8

A chronic systemic inflammatory Disease

Answer 8

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 9

SLE is most common in ______

Answer 9

Female (10:1)

Question 10

Presence of circulating immune complexes formed in serum and trapped in basement membranes of glomeruli, skin/endothelium, synovial joints, and kidneys.

Answer 10

SLE

Question 11

HLA associated in SLE

Answer 11

HLA-DR2

HLA-DR4

Question 12

Common sign of SLE

Answer 12

Polyarthralgia/Arthritis

Question 13

Signs of SLE

Answer 13

Erythematous Rash "butterfly rash"
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis 
Pericarditis, Myocarditis, Tachy
Leukopenia, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia
Lymphadenopathy

Question 14

SLE Antibodies

Answer 14

ANA
Anti-dsDNA
Anti-extractable nuclear antigens
Anti-ss-DNA
Anti-phospholipid
Anti-DNP
FANA

Question 15

Tolerance Induction (Self Tolerance)

Answer 15

Failure of the immune system to respond to an epitope in an aggressive way

Question 16

Cause of Autoimmune reaction

Answer 16

Loss of Tolerance

Question 17

Concepts in Loss of Tolerance causing autoimmunity

Answer 17

Molecular mimicry
Epitope spreading
Loss of Suppression
Sequestered antigen
Neoantigens

Question 18

HLA associated to Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 18

HLA-B8

Question 19

A neuromuscular disorder which auto-ab destroy acetylcholine receptors in muscles

Answer 19

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 20

A progressive systemic sclerosis with diffuse skin fibrosis

Answer 20

Scleroderma

Question 21

HLA associated with Scleroderma

Answer 21

HLA-DR3

Question 22

A chronic inflammatory exocrinopathy presented with dry eyes and mouth

Answer 22

Sjorgen’s syndrome

Question 23

Destruction of B cells in the islets of Langerhans in pancreas with no insulin production

Answer 23

Type II DM

Question 24

Antibodies in Type II DM

Answer 24

Anti-insulin antibodies

Anti-GAD

Question 25

Characterized by hyperthyroidism due to unregulated release of T3 and T4 from stimulation of TSHR antibody

Answer 25

Grave’s Disease

Question 26

Antibodies to Grave’s Dx.

Answer 26

Anti-TSH receptor antibodies

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies

Question 27

Characterized by Hypothyroidism due to destruction of thyroid gland by antibodies

Answer 27

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Question 28

Antibodies to Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Answer 28

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies

Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

Question 29

Destruction of autoantibodies to parietal cells leading to intrinsic factor deficiency

Answer 29

Pernicious anemia

Question 30

Antibodies to Pernicious anemia

Answer 30

Ant-intrinsic factor antibodies

Anti-parietal cell antibodies

Question 31

____________ are antigens that bypass the normal process of binding and activation of presentation.

Answer 31

Superantigens

Question 32

Samples of bacterial superantigens

Answer 32

Toxic shock antigens
Staphylococcal proteins
Clostridium enterotoxin

Question 33

Effect of Superantigen

Answer 33

Enhance T helper activation which results to systemic shock and tissue damage

Question 34

Superantigen activate _______% of T cells

Answer 34

1-2%