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Immunology-Serology > Major Histocompatibility Complex > Flashcards

Major Histocompatibility Complex Flashcards

1
Q

a.k.a. Human Leukocyte Antigen

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

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2
Q

Where are MHCs are coded and found?

A

Short Upper Arm of Chromosome 6 at band 21

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3
Q

Three Classes of MHCs

A

Class I

Class II

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4
Q

Three principal Loci of Class I

A

HLA-A
HLA-B
HLA-C

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5
Q

What region is Class II genes located?

A

D region

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6
Q

Loci of D region

A

HLA-DP
HLA-DQ
HLA-DR

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7
Q

Class of MHC that codes for complement and cytokines

A

Class III

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8
Q

Both present in all nucleated cells and APCs

A

Class I

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9
Q

Primary functions of MHCs

A
  1. Graft rejection
  2. Tolerance induction (Discriminate self from non-self component)
  3. Activation of Adaptive Immunity
  4. Presentation of antigen
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10
Q

A marker/molecule in the surface of the cell that aid in the presentation of ANTIGEN, also determines the HISTOCOMPATIBILITY of transfusion/graft

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

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11
Q

True or False. Class I molecules presents antigen to CD4+ cells

A

False. Class I - CD8+

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12
Q

Functions of Class I molecules:

A
  1. Tolerance induction to discriminate self from non-self especially during graft rejection
  2. Presentation of antigen
  3. Watchdogs of viral, tumor, and certain parasitic antigens
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13
Q

True or False. Class II molecules recognizes CD8+

A

False. Class II - CD4+

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14
Q

True or False. Class II are found in APCs only.

A

True.

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15
Q

Enumerate APCs

A

B lymphocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
Monocytes

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16
Q

This refers to selection/ discriminate self and non-self antigens during maturation of lymphocytes which cells act against or not against self antigens and Graft rejection

A

Tolerance Induction

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17
Q

Most highly polymorphic

A

HLA-DR

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18
Q

What complement proteins are coded by Class III genes?

A

C2
C4a, C4b
Factor B

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19
Q

True or False. Class III also codes for cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

A

True.

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20
Q

MHC Genes & Diseases.

B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

Reiter’s Disease

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21
Q

MHC Genes & Diseases.

HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4

A

Type I DM

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22
Q

MHC Genes & Diseases.

HLA-DR4

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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23
Q

MHC Genes & Diseases.

HLA-DR5

A

Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia

24
Q

Refers to a transplant or tissue or organ

A

GRAFT

25
Q

True or False. For transfusion to be successful and not react, MHC molecules should NOT match between the donor and recipient (histocompatible)

A

False. For transfusion to be successful and not react, MHC molecules SHOULD MATCH between the donor and recipient (histocompatible)

26
Q

Types of Transplantation

A

Autograft
Isograft
Allograft

27
Q

Isograft/Autograft

A

Transfer of tissue/organs from one part of the body to another on the same person.

28
Q

Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species “Donor-Recipient’ (one person to another person)

A

Allograft

29
Q

Graft between individuals of different species (e.g., pig heart valve to a human heart)

A

Xenograft

30
Q

Organs which can be Transplanted (11)

A 
blood vessels
bone
bone marrow		cornea
heart			kidneys
liver
lung
middle ear		pancreas
skin
31
Q

True or False. • Graft rejection is primarily a T cell function, with some assistance from antibodies

A

True

32
Q

Time required for Hyperacute rejection happens?

A

within MINUTES - HOURS

33
Q

Hyperacute rejection is mediated by?

A

ANTIBODY MEDIATED

34
Q

Where does Hyperacute rejection usually happens?

A

In o anti-A–related or anti-B–related antibodies to the ABO blood group systems

35
Q

When does Acute Rejection happens after transplant?

A

weeks (7-21 days)

36
Q

Mechanism of Acute Rejection

A

T-cell and APC mediated

37
Q

How does acute rejection occur?

A

due to HLA incompatibility and the possibility of damage to antibody-coated cells through antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

38
Q

True or False. Chronic Rejection happens months (3 months) to years

A

True. Later than 3 months

39
Q

Mechanism in Chronic rejection

A

Cell mediated

40
Q

It results to a slow but continual loss of organ function over MONTHS or YEARS and disturbance of host-graft tolerance

A

Chronic Rejection

41
Q

GVHD

A

Graft Versus Host Disease

42
Q

Graft rejection based on the transfusion of • immunocompetent T lymphocytes from a donor to an immunodeficient recipient usually present in BONE MARROW transplant which the donor cells attacks all the cells of the host/recipient

A

GVHD

43
Q

When does acute GVHD develops

A

First 3 months of transplantation

44
Q

Process during transplant which it lowers the body’s immune system in order for the body not to immediately reject or directly interfere with the rejection response

A

Immunosuppression

45
Q

Purpose of Immunosuppression

A
  1. Induction (intense immunosuppression in the initial days after transplantation)
  2. Maintenance of transplant
  3. Reversal of established rejection
46
Q

Chain Structure - Class I

A

a chain

B2 microglobulin

47
Q

Class I chain structure involve in the folding of a chaina

A

b2 microglobulin

48
Q

3 domains of a chain

A

alpha 1
alpha 2
alpha 3

49
Q

alpha chain domain that reacts with CD8+

A

alpha 3

50
Q

alpha chain domain that binds to antigen for recognition

A

alpha 1

alpha 2

51
Q

Most immunogenic organ

A

Bone Marrow

52
Q

Least Immunogenic Organ

A

Cornea

53
Q

Principle in HLA-Phenotyping

A

Complement dependent lymphocytotoxicity

54
Q

Test in HLA Phenotyping

A

Microlymphocytotoxicity test

55
Q

Vital dye usqed in HLA Phenotyping

A

Trypan Blue + Eosin Y

56
Q

Positive result in HLA Phenotyping

A

(+) Dead Stained Cells

57
Q

In HLA Phenotying, purifued T cells are used for ______________, and purified B cells are used for ______________.

A

In HLA Phenotying, purifued T cells are used for CLASS I TYPING, and purified B cells are used for CLASS II TYPING.

Immunology-Serology (15 decks)

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