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Immunology-Serology > Antigen-Antibody > Flashcards

Antigen-Antibody Flashcards

1
Q

True or False. Antibodies are GAMMA GLOBULIN portion of proteins.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False. Antibodies has an X structure

A

False. Y shaped structure

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3
Q

It determines the specificity of antibodies to which antigens are bounded or the antigen-binding portion of the molecule (N-terminal end) forming a Loop structures (CDRs: Complementary Determining Regions

A

Variable region

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4
Q

A region unique to each class and give each immunoglobulin type

A

Constant Heavy Region (ISOTYPE)

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5
Q

True or False.
Kappa: Chromosome 22; 213 amino acids
Lambda: Chromosome 2; 214 amino acid

A

FALSE
Kappa: Chromosome 2; 214 amino acids
Lambda: Chromosome 22; 213 amino acid

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6
Q 
Give corresponding immunoglobulin class:
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE
A 
IgG - γ chain
IgM - μ chain
IgA - α chain
IgD - ∆ chain
IgE - ϵ chain
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7
Q

Papain

A

Cuts in the Hinge region

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8
Q

Pepsin

A

Cuts below Hinge region

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9
Q

Product of Papain

A

3 Products

2 FAb + Fc

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10
Q

Product of Pepsin

A

2 products
F(ab)2 + Fc’

Meaning: 1 Fragment with 2 Ab site

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11
Q

Variations in variable regions that give individual antibody molecules specificity

A

Idiotype

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12
Q

Genetic variations in the CONSTANT REGION that are present in some individuals but not others occur in the FOUR IgG subclasses, in ONE IgA subclass, and in the KAPPA LIGHT CHAIN

A

Allotype

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13
Q

Hinge region

A

Allows flexibility of Ab due to its HIGH PROLINE content

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14
Q

True or False. Hinge region is all present in all Immunoglobulin type.

A

False. Hinge region is absent in IgM and IgE

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15
Q

Fragment which binds to the antigens and each consists of one L chain and one-half of an H chain

A

ANTIGEN-BINDING FRAGMENT (Fab)

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16
Q

Type of bond that held antigen bind fragment together

A

Disulfide bond

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17
Q

Determines the BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY acted by the other immune cells which include opsonization and complement fixation

A

CRYSTALLIZABLE FRAGMENT (FC)

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18
Q

MAJOR ANTIBODY

A

IgG

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19
Q

present in PRIMARY immune response

A

IgM

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20
Q

Major SECRETORY antibody

A

IgA

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21
Q

Reagenic Antibody

A

IgE

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22
Q

Smallest Ab which can only cross PLACENTA

A

IgG

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23
Q

LARGEST antibody (Pentameric Ab)

A

IgM

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24
Q

Half life of IgG

A

23 days (longest half life)

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25
Q

BEST to activate Complement pathway and most efficient in AGGLUTINATION

A

IgM

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26
Q

Present in multiple monomers of IgM and IgA

A

J chain

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27
Q

True or False. More than one J chain is needed for each IgM and IgA

A

False. One J chain is needed for each IgM or Ig

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28
Q

First encounter/exposure of antigen. What Ab appears in this immune response.

A

PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE ; IgM (Mu chains)

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29
Q

Production of IgA

A

Synthesized in plasma cells found in MALT

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30
Q

Found in serum and a subclass of IgA

A

IgA1

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31
Q

Molecular weight of IgM

A

900 000 MW

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32
Q

How many antigen binding sites does IgM2 renders?

A

10 antigen binding sites

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33
Q

Only IgG subclass that doesn’t activate Complement pathways

A

IgG4

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34
Q

Subclasses of IgG

A

IgG1 (67%)
IgG2 (22%)
IgG3 (7%)
IgG4 (4%)

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35
Q

Produced in the Secondary (anamnestic) Immune response

A

IgG

36
Q

True or False. AGGREGATES of IgA trigger ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY

A

True

37
Q

Most heat labile Ab

A

IgE

38
Q

Cells attaching to IgE, and what particular location and released after activation.

A
  1. Attaches to basophils and tissue mast cells (FcϵR)

2. Histamine & Heparin

39
Q

Released during Type I Hypersensitivity reaction?

A

IgE

40
Q

SHORTEST HALF LIFE

A

IgD (2-3 days)

41
Q

Function of IgG

A
  1. Classical Complement Pathway; except IgG4
  2. Opsonization
  3. Neutralizing toxins and viruses: ADCC (NK-cells -FcγR)
  4. Agglutination
  5. PRECIPITATION Reactions (efficient)
42
Q

Function of IgM

A
  1. Best. Classical pathway
  2. Agglutination (+++)
  3. Complement fixation
  4. Opsonization
43
Q

halfilife of IgA

A

6 days

44
Q

Function of IgE

A
  1. Type 1 Hypersensitivity
  2. Parasitic
  3. Anaphy;laxis
45
Q

No activity first but, and no antibody is detectable.

A

Lag phase

46
Q

Differentiate Primary &Secondary Immune response

A 
Primary
Time: LONGER Lag
Response; SHORT LIVED
Plateau: shorter
Ab: IgM type
Titer: SLOW exponential increase
Secondary
Time: Shorter Lag
Plateau: Longer
Ab: IgG class
Titer: Attain higher titer
47
Q

Chemicals used to break J chain

A

2-mercapthoethanol

dithiotrietol

48
Q

Ab present in hematologic disorders

A

IgG

49
Q

Component needed to activate HAPTEN for an immune response

A

Carrier

50
Q

antigenic determinant

A

epitope

51
Q

True or False. Size of the antigen should be less than 10,000 MW.

A

False. Higher than 10,000 MW

52
Q

Least Immunogenic

A

LIPIDS

53
Q

Highest Immunogenicity

A

PROTEIN (CHON)

54
Q

Hapten

A

Low MW substance that doesn’t evoke an immune response, unless bounded to a carrier.

55
Q

Present on all cell surfaces of NAIVE B CELLS

A

IgD

56
Q

Functions of IgD

A

B cell formation, maturation and differentiation!

57
Q 
Arrange the degree of Immunogenicity;
CHO
Lipids
CHON
Nucleic acid
A
  1. CHON (Protein)
  2. CHO
  3. Nucleic acid
  4. Lipids
58
Q

Binding strength of a SINGLE antigenic determinant & a single combining site (UNIVALENT)

A

Affinity

59
Q

TOTAL BINDING STRENGTH of one single antigenic determinant of all the binding site in a single ANTIBODY molecule (MULTIVALENT)

A

Avidity

60
Q

DOESN’T INITIALLY STIMULATE immune response

A

Antigen

61
Q

Heterophile Antigen

A

Antigens from different species

62
Q

An antigen that reacts with an antibody it did not induce

A

Heterologous Antigen

63
Q

Immunogen

A

Antigen that always evoke an immune response

64
Q

This enhances immune response to antigen by coating the antigen that stimulate Phagocyte, B cells, T cells

A

Adjuvants

65
Q

Adjuvants stimulate;

A

Phagocytes
B cells
T cells

66
Q

Adjuvants that stimulates;

T cells:
B cells:
Phagocytes:

A

Adjuvants that stimulates;

T cells: Complement Freund’s Adjuvant
B cells: LPS
Phagocytes: Alum

67
Q

Cold Reactive Antibodies (24C-4C)

A

IgM
Autoanti-P
ABO

68
Q

Warm Reactive Antibodies (37C)

A

IgG

Rh

69
Q

Light chain rearrangement occurs after _____ appears

A

Light chain rearrangement occurs after Mu chains appears

70
Q

___% of Ig molecules have kappa chains

A

65%

71
Q

___% of Ig molecules have lambda chains

A

35%

72
Q

Light Chain - Kappa

Gene encodes:
No. of AA:

A

Light Chain - Kappa

Gene encodes: Chromosome 2
No. of AA: 214 amino acids

73
Q

Light Chain - Lambda

Gene encodes:
No. of AA:

A

Light Chain - Lambda

Gene encodes: Chromosome 22
No. of AA: 213 amino acids

74
Q

Ab region which makes antibodies the ability to bend/flexible and lets antigen binding site to operate independently

A

Hine region

75
Q

Hinge region is high in _______ that allows flexibility

A

High Proline

76
Q

Longest half life (23 days)

A

IgG

77
Q

IgG that crosses placenta

A

IgG1
IgG3
IgG4

78
Q

IgG that doesn’t cross placeta

A

IgG2

79
Q

Best IgG in complement Fixation

A

IgG3

80
Q

IgG that fixes Complement

A

IgG1
IgG2
IgG3

81
Q

IgG that doesn’t fixes complement

A

igG4

82
Q

Mot efficient in Precipitation reaction

A

IgG

83
Q

Effective and Best in Agglutination

A

IgM

84
Q

First to appear in phylogeny and the last to leave in senescence

A

IgM

85
Q

Involved in B cell development and immunoregulation

A

IgD

86
Q

Most Heat labile immunoglobulin

A

IgE

Immunology-Serology (15 decks)

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