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Antigen-Antibody Flashcards

1
Q

True or False. Antibodies are GAMMA GLOBULIN portion of proteins.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False. Antibodies has an X structure

A

False. Y shaped structure

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3
Q

It determines the specificity of antibodies to which antigens are bounded or the antigen-binding portion of the molecule (N-terminal end) forming a Loop structures (CDRs: Complementary Determining Regions

A

Variable region

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4
Q

A region unique to each class and give each immunoglobulin type

A

Constant Heavy Region (ISOTYPE)

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5
Q

True or False.
Kappa: Chromosome 22; 213 amino acids
Lambda: Chromosome 2; 214 amino acid

A

FALSE
Kappa: Chromosome 2; 214 amino acids
Lambda: Chromosome 22; 213 amino acid

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6
Q 
Give corresponding immunoglobulin class:
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE
A 
IgG - γ chain
IgM - μ chain
IgA - α chain
IgD - ∆ chain
IgE - ϵ chain
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7
Q

Papain

A

Cuts in the Hinge region

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8
Q

Pepsin

A

Cuts below Hinge region

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9
Q

Product of Papain

A

3 Products

2 FAb + Fc

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10
Q

Product of Pepsin

A

2 products
F(ab)2 + Fc’

Meaning: 1 Fragment with 2 Ab site

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11
Q

Variations in variable regions that give individual antibody molecules specificity

A

Idiotype

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12
Q

Genetic variations in the CONSTANT REGION that are present in some individuals but not others occur in the FOUR IgG subclasses, in ONE IgA subclass, and in the KAPPA LIGHT CHAIN

A

Allotype

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13
Q

Hinge region

A

Allows flexibility of Ab due to its HIGH PROLINE content

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14
Q

True or False. Hinge region is all present in all Immunoglobulin type.

A

False. Hinge region is absent in IgM and IgE

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15
Q

Fragment which binds to the antigens and each consists of one L chain and one-half of an H chain

A

ANTIGEN-BINDING FRAGMENT (Fab)

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16
Q

Type of bond that held antigen bind fragment together

A

Disulfide bond

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17
Q

Determines the BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY acted by the other immune cells which include opsonization and complement fixation

A

CRYSTALLIZABLE FRAGMENT (FC)

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18
Q

MAJOR ANTIBODY

A

IgG

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19
Q

present in PRIMARY immune response

A

IgM

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20
Q

Major SECRETORY antibody

A

IgA

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21
Q

Reagenic Antibody

A

IgE

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22
Q

Smallest Ab which can only cross PLACENTA

A

IgG

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23
Q

LARGEST antibody (Pentameric Ab)

A

IgM

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24
Q

Half life of IgG

A

23 days (longest half life)

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25
BEST to activate Complement pathway and most efficient in AGGLUTINATION
IgM
26
Present in multiple monomers of IgM and IgA
J chain
27
True or False. More than one J chain is needed for each IgM and IgA
False. One J chain is needed for each IgM or Ig
28
First encounter/exposure of antigen. What Ab appears in this immune response.
PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE ; IgM (Mu chains)
29
Production of IgA
Synthesized in plasma cells found in MALT
30
Found in serum and a subclass of IgA
IgA1
31
Molecular weight of IgM
900 000 MW
32
How many antigen binding sites does IgM2 renders?
10 antigen binding sites
33
Only IgG subclass that doesn't activate Complement pathways
IgG4
34
Subclasses of IgG
IgG1 (67%) IgG2 (22%) IgG3 (7%) IgG4 (4%)
35
Produced in the Secondary (anamnestic) Immune response
IgG
36
True or False. AGGREGATES of IgA trigger ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY
True
37
Most heat labile Ab
IgE
38
Cells attaching to IgE, and what particular location and released after activation.
1. Attaches to basophils and tissue mast cells (FcϵR) | 2. Histamine & Heparin
39
Released during Type I Hypersensitivity reaction?
IgE
40
SHORTEST HALF LIFE
IgD (2-3 days)
41
Function of IgG
1. Classical Complement Pathway; except IgG4 2. Opsonization 3. Neutralizing toxins and viruses: ADCC (NK-cells -FcγR) 4. Agglutination 5. PRECIPITATION Reactions (efficient)
42
Function of IgM
1. Best. Classical pathway 2. Agglutination (+++) 3. Complement fixation 4. Opsonization
43
halfilife of IgA
6 days
44
Function of IgE
1. Type 1 Hypersensitivity 2. Parasitic 3. Anaphy;laxis
45
No activity first but, and no antibody is detectable.
Lag phase
46
Differentiate Primary &Secondary Immune response
``` Primary Time: LONGER Lag Response; SHORT LIVED Plateau: shorter Ab: IgM type Titer: SLOW exponential increase ``` ``` Secondary Time: Shorter Lag Plateau: Longer Ab: IgG class Titer: Attain higher titer ```
47
Chemicals used to break J chain
2-mercapthoethanol | dithiotrietol
48
Ab present in hematologic disorders
IgG
49
Component needed to activate HAPTEN for an immune response
Carrier
50
antigenic determinant
epitope
51
True or False. Size of the antigen should be less than 10,000 MW.
False. Higher than 10,000 MW
52
Least Immunogenic
LIPIDS
53
Highest Immunogenicity
PROTEIN (CHON)
54
Hapten
Low MW substance that doesn't evoke an immune response, unless bounded to a carrier.
55
Present on all cell surfaces of NAIVE B CELLS
IgD
56
Functions of IgD
B cell formation, maturation and differentiation!
57
``` Arrange the degree of Immunogenicity; CHO Lipids CHON Nucleic acid ```
1. CHON (Protein) 2. CHO 3. Nucleic acid 4. Lipids
58
Binding strength of a SINGLE antigenic determinant & a single combining site (UNIVALENT)
Affinity
59
TOTAL BINDING STRENGTH of one single antigenic determinant of all the binding site in a single ANTIBODY molecule (MULTIVALENT)
Avidity
60
DOESN'T INITIALLY STIMULATE immune response
Antigen
61
Heterophile Antigen
Antigens from different species
62
An antigen that reacts with an antibody it did not induce
Heterologous Antigen
63
Immunogen
Antigen that always evoke an immune response
64
This enhances immune response to antigen by coating the antigen that stimulate Phagocyte, B cells, T cells
Adjuvants
65
Adjuvants stimulate;
Phagocytes B cells T cells
66
Adjuvants that stimulates; T cells: B cells: Phagocytes:
Adjuvants that stimulates; T cells: Complement Freund's Adjuvant B cells: LPS Phagocytes: Alum
67
Cold Reactive Antibodies (24C-4C)
IgM Autoanti-P ABO
68
Warm Reactive Antibodies (37C)
IgG | Rh
69
Light chain rearrangement occurs after _____ appears
Light chain rearrangement occurs after Mu chains appears
70
___% of Ig molecules have kappa chains
65%
71
___% of Ig molecules have lambda chains
35%
72
Light Chain - Kappa Gene encodes: No. of AA:
Light Chain - Kappa Gene encodes: Chromosome 2 No. of AA: 214 amino acids
73
Light Chain - Lambda Gene encodes: No. of AA:
Light Chain - Lambda Gene encodes: Chromosome 22 No. of AA: 213 amino acids
74
Ab region which makes antibodies the ability to bend/flexible and lets antigen binding site to operate independently
Hine region
75
Hinge region is high in _______ that allows flexibility
High Proline
76
Longest half life (23 days)
IgG
77
IgG that crosses placenta
IgG1 IgG3 IgG4
78
IgG that doesn't cross placeta
IgG2
79
Best IgG in complement Fixation
IgG3
80
IgG that fixes Complement
IgG1 IgG2 IgG3
81
IgG that doesn't fixes complement
igG4
82
Mot efficient in Precipitation reaction
IgG
83
Effective and Best in Agglutination
IgM
84
First to appear in phylogeny and the last to leave in senescence
IgM
85
Involved in B cell development and immunoregulation
IgD
86
Most Heat labile immunoglobulin
IgE

Immunology-Serology (15 decks)

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