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Immunology-Serology > Innnate Immunity > Flashcards

Innnate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Basophils

Distribution:
Characteristics:
Function:
Released Contents:

A

Basophils

Distribution: 0-1%
Characteristics: deep bluish purple granules
Function: Allergic reactions - Type I Hypersensitivity
Released Contents: Histamine, Heparin, Eosinophilic-chemotactic factor A

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2
Q

Major inflammatory mediator

A

Histamine

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3
Q

It resembles basophils but are originated in tissues

A

Mast cells

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4
Q

Greatly involved in Hypersensitivity reactions

A

Basophils & Mast Cells

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5
Q

Enzyme contents of Mast cells that differs from basophils

A

ACP
ALP
Protease

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6
Q

Eosinophils

Distribution:
Characteristics:
Function:
Specific Granules:

A

Eosinophils

Distribution: 1-3%
Characteristics: Bilobed w/ Red orange granules
Function: Parasitic infection
Granules: MBP, Eosinophilic cationic protein, Eosinophil peroxidase, Eosinophil derived neurotoxin

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7
Q

Eosinophil is notably increased in __________ infection

A

T. spiralis

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8
Q

Eosinophil primary granules contains; __________, and _______________.

A

ACP

Arylsulfatase

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9
Q

Most active content of eosiniphilic granules

A

MBP

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10
Q

Neutrophils

Distribution:
Characteristics:
Function:
Granules:

A

Neutrophils

Distribution: 57-65%
Characteristics: Polymorphonuclear (3-5 lobes)
Function: Phagocytosis
Granules: MPO, Lysozyme, lactoferrin, Collagenase, Gelatinase, Plasminogen activator

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11
Q

First cell to migrate in the site of infection

A

Neutrophils

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12
Q

Time of migration of Neutrophils

A

2-3 hrs

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13
Q

50%: Marginating Pool - ___________

50%: Circulating Pool - ___________

A

Marginating pool: Neutrophils that are found in the endothelial cells of the blood vessels

Circulating Pool: Neutrophils in the circulation

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14
Q

Movement of WBCs from the blood, through blood vessels into the tissue

A

Diapedesis

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15
Q

Monocyte

Distribution:
Characteristics:
Function:
Granules:

A

Monocyte

Distribution: 5-8%
Characteristics: Largest, hose-shoe shaped nucleus with ground glass cytoplasm
Function: Phagocytosis, Scavenger cells
Granules: Peroxidase, Arysulfatase, B-glucoronidase, Lysozyme, Lipase

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16
Q

Precursor cell of macrophage

A

Monocyte

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17
Q

End cell of Monocyte

A

Macrophage

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18
Q

Tissue monocytes

A

Macrophages

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19
Q

True/False. Macrophages do not contain peroxidase

A

True

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20
Q

Macrophages according to Location

Liver:
Kidney:
CT, BM:
Lungs:
Spleen:
A

Macrophages according to Location

Liver: Kuppfer
Kidney: Mesangial
CT, BM: Histiocytes
Lungs: Alveolar macrophage
Spleen: Splenic macrophage
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21
Q

Macrophage killing activity is triggered by:

A

Contact with antigen

Cytokines

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22
Q

Most potent antigen presenting cells

A

Dendritic cells

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23
Q

APCs

A

Dendritic Cells
B cells
Macrophage

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24
Q

Dendritic cells according to location

Skin:
Heart, Lungs, Kidneys:
Secondary lymphoid tissues, Thymus:

A

Dendritic cells according to location

Skin: Langerhans cells
Heart, Lungs, Kidneys: Interstitial dendritic cells
Secondary lymphoid tissues, Thymus: Interdigitating dendritic cells

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25
Q

They present antigens to CD4/CD8 positive cells through MHC/HLA

A

APCs

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26
Q

Third population lymphocytes (cells that originate in the lymphoid series but active in the innate immunity)

A

NK cells

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27
Q

Other names of NK cells

A

Antibody Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity - IgG
Kiss of death
Null Cells
Granular Lymphocytes

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28
Q

Receptors of NK Cells

A

KAR - Killing activated Receptor

KIR - Killing Inhibiting Receptor

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29
Q

Activates KAR

30
Q

MGC class that activates KIR

A

MHC Class 1

31
Q

Main function of NK cells

A 
Cytotoxic activity (tumors, viral)
Perforation
32
Q

Mechanism: KAR

A

Kills the cell if MICA and MICB are present (stressed cell/virally infected cell) or no expression of MHC class I molecules.

33
Q

Mechanism: KIR

A

If MHC class I molecules are recognized, inhibition overweighs activation.

34
Q

Soluble proteins or polypeptide products of activated cells that regulates both innate and adaptive immunity and control cellular response

35
Q

Effects of Cytokines

A 
Proliferation/Development of immune cells
Hematopoietic Microenvironment (maturation and development)
36
Q

Characteristics of Cytokines

A

Pleiotropy
Redundancy
Synergy

37
Q

Cytokines produced by activated lymphocytes

A

Lymphokines

38
Q

Cytokines that are produced by leukocytes and act on leukocytes

A

Interleukins

39
Q

First cytokine activity is described as _______________

A

Migratory Inhibitory Factor

40
Q

IL-1

Origin:
Target cells:
Effect:

A

IL-1

Origin: Monocyte, Macrophage
Target cells: Monocyte, T cells B cells, PMNs
Effect: Fever Factor, T cell activation factor

41
Q

Difference of IL-1a and IL-1b

IL-1a: __________
IL-1b: __________

A

Difference of IL-1a and IL-1b

IL-1a: Intracellular
IL-1b: Secretor

42
Q

IL that induces fever/proinflammatory

43
Q

IL that stimulates early hematopoietic cells

44
Q

T cell growth factor

45
Q

Multicolony colony-stimulating factor

46
Q

IL-4

Origin:
Target Cells:
Effect:

A

IL-4

Origin: T cells and Mast cels
Target Cells: T cells, B cells
Effect: Early activation of resting B cells—upregulates MHC class II production

47
Q

IL-5

Origin:
Target Cells:
Effect:

A

IL-5

Origin: Helper T cells type 2 (Th2) and mast cells
Target Cells: Eosinohils
Effect: Activate Eosinophils

48
Q

IL-6

Origin:
Target Cells:
Effect:

A

IL-6

Origin: Macrophages, T cells, osteoblasts
Target Cells: T cells and B cells
Effect: Induces production of CRP

49
Q

IL-8

Origin:
Target Cells:
Effect:

A

IL-8

Origin: Macrophages and certain types of epithelial cells
Target Cells: PMNs
Effect: Stimulator of PMNs in chemotaxis and activates “respiratory burst”

50
Q

IL-12

Origin:
Target Cells:
Effect:

A

IL-12

Origin: B cells, macrophages
Target Cells: T cells, NK cells
Effect: Enhance NK cell function

51
Q

NK cell stimulatory factor

52
Q

Primary mediators of Gram negative bacteria

A

Tumor Necrosis Factor

53
Q

TNF-alpha “____________”

Origin:
Target Cells:
Effect:

A

TNF-alpha “Cachectin”

Origin: Macrophages – vasodilation and vasopermeability
Target Cells: Monocytes, PMNs, T cells, Macrophages, NK cells
Effect: Activate T cells by MHC class II, Antigen Presentation

54
Q

TNF-beta “____________”

Origin:
Target Cells:
Effect:

A

TNF-beta “lymphotoxin”

Origin: CD4, CD8
Target Cells: T cells, B cells
Effect: Cytotoxic activity in tumor cells and virally infected cells

55
Q

The principal physiologic functions of TNF

A

(1) to stimulate the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to sites of infection; and
(2) to activate these cells to eradicate microbes

56
Q

Interferons primary function in ___________________

A

Anti-viral agents: Virus infected cells - interferes with viral replication and cell division

57
Q

Interferons are produced by ___________

A

Dendritic cells

58
Q

Leukocyte Interferons

59
Q

INF-alpha are produced by:

A

Null Lymphocytes
Antiviral
Activates NK cells

60
Q

Fibroblast/Epithelial/Fibroepethelial Interferons

61
Q

Immune Interferon

62
Q

INF-gamma are produced by ________

A

T-helper cells (Th1)

63
Q

INF-gamma

Stimulus:
Produced:
Effect:

A

INF-gamma

Stimulus: IL-12
Produced: T1 helper cells
Effect: Enhance cytotoxic ability of the cells (tumoricidal activity of NK cells)

64
Q

Principal cytokine released by Th1

65
Q

Cytokines released by Th1

A

INF-gamma

IL-2

66
Q

IL-2

Produced:
Effect:

A

IL-2

Produced: Activated CD4, CD8, NK cells
Effect: T cell proliferation

67
Q

T cell growth factor

68
Q

Cytokine produced by the Th2

A

IL-4

IL-10

69
Q

IL in the inhibition of cytokine synthesis (anti-inflammatory)

70
Q

TGF-beta

Produced:
Effects:

A

TGF-beta

Produced: T regulatory cells, Eosinophils
Effects: Induces IL-10 production, Faxp3

Immunology-Serology (15 decks)

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