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Immunology-Serology > Complement System > Flashcards

Complement System Flashcards

1
Q

Enzymes of proteinase which are heat-labile series of 18 plasma proteins

A

COMPLEMENT SYSTEM (C’)

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2
Q

True or False. Complement system are NON-SPECIFIC proteins, therefore, part of Innate Immunity

A

True

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3
Q

small letter after the number indicates that the protein is a smaller protein resulting from the cleavage of a larger precursor by a protease

A

Fragments

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4
Q

True or False. “a” is denoted as bigger fragments

A

False. ‘a’ means “ang gaan”, therefore smaller fragment

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5
Q

True or False. “b” is denoted as smaller fragments

A

False. ‘b’ means”BIGAT”, therefore Bigger fragment

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6
Q

Fixation/Inactivation of C’ proteins

A

56 C for 30 mins

61 C for 10 mins

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7
Q

Converging point of all three pathways

A

C3-C3b

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8
Q

Major function of C” proteins

A

Lysis of foreign cells and immune complexes

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9
Q

Effects of C”

A 
Lysis
Opsonization
Facilitate B-cell activation
Mediators
Increase vascular permeability
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10
Q

Three Complement Pathways

A

Classical Pathway
Alternative Pathway
Mannose Binding Lectin Pathway

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11
Q

Three major stages of Complement Pathways

A
  1. Recognition unit
  2. Activation unit
  3. Membrane Attack Complex
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12
Q

Activators of Classical complement Pathway

A

Immune Complexes (IgG, IgM)
Apoptotic Cells
C reactive protein bound to ligand

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13
Q

C1 complex (calcium dependent) are composed of three subunits:

A

C1q, C1r, C1s

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14
Q

Functions:
C1q
C1r
C1s

A

C1q: Binds to FC region of IgM and IgG
C1r: Activates C1s
C1s: Cleaves C4 and C2

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15
Q

True or False. Activation of Classical Pathway needs two molecules of IgM, and one molecule of IgG

A

False:
IgG - two molecules
IgM - one molecule

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16
Q

C3 convertase of Classical pathway of Classical Pathway

A

C4b2a

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17
Q

Major constituent of the complement system

A

C3

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18
Q

C5 convertase

A

C4b2a3b

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19
Q

A unique system that builds up a lipophilic complex in cell membranes from several plasma proteins

A

Membrane Attack Complex

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20
Q

Complex that polymerizes C9 to form a tubule (pore)

A

C5bC6C7C8 complex

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21
Q

How does C9 lyse cell?

A

It disturbs the lipid bilayer to allow the free exchange of ions and water molecules across the membrane influx of sodium, and (Na+) ions and H2O leads to disruption of osmotic balance

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22
Q

Alternative Pathways is also known as?

A

PROPERDIN PATHWAY

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23
Q

First protein to function in the alternative pathway

A

Properdin

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24
Q

Function of Properdin

A

Stabilizes the pathway and increases half life of C3bBb

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25
Q

Analogous to C2 in the classical pathway

A

Factor B

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26
Q

Activators of Alternative Pathway

A

Inulin
Zymosan
Bacterial polysaccharides and endotoxins
AGGREGATES of IgA

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27
Q

Major inihibitory regulator of Alternativ e pathway that blocks the formation of C3bBb

A

Factor H

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28
Q

Plasma protein that activates Factor B

A

Factor D

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29
Q

C3 convertase of Alternative Pathway

A

C3bBb

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30
Q

C5 convertase of Alternative Pathway

A

C3bBb3b

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31
Q

True or False. Alternative Pathway is activated by the PRESENCE of specific antigen-antibody complexes

A

False. Activation of AP is by the ABSENCE of specific antigen-antibody complexes

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32
Q

Plays an important role as a DEFENSE MACHANISM OF INFANCY

A

Mannose Binding Lectin Pathways

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33
Q

Proteins that bind to carbohydrate and is homologous in structure to C1q

34
Q

MASP

A

Mannose-binding lectin–associated serine protease

35
Q

Two serine protease that interact and activates complement system.

A

MASP1 (minor)

MASP2 (major)

36
Q

Takes the active role in cleaving C4 and C2

37
Q

Functions: C5 -C9

38
Q

It functions for opsonization

A

C3b - iC3b

39
Q

Functions for PMNs activation

40
Q

Function: C5a>C3a>C4a

A

Chemotaxis & Anaphylatoxins

41
Q

Hypocomplementemia

A

Result from the complexing of IgG or IgM antibodies capable of activating complement

42
Q

True or False. • Chronic activation of complement levels are elevated in many inflammatory conditions.

43
Q

Causes of decreased complement levels

A
  1. Complement has been excessively activated recently.
  2. Complement is currently being consumed.
  3. A single complement component is absent because of a genetic defect
  4. Coexists with SLE and other disorders associated with an immunopathologic process
44
Q

Deficiency of C1qrs complex is associated to:

A

SLE-like syndrome

45
Q

Deficiency: C5 - C8

A

Neisseria infections

46
Q

Deficiency: C1 INH

A

Hereditary angioedema

47
Q

Most common complement deficiency associated with recurrent pyogenic infections

48
Q

Deficiency: PROPERDIN

A

Neisseria infections

49
Q

Stimulus: Classical Pathway

A

Immune Complexes (IgG and IgM)

50
Q

Stimulus: Alternative Pathways

A

Endotoxins, LPS

51
Q

Stimulus: Mannose Binding Lectin Pathway

A

Terminal MANNOSE group

52
Q

Key intermediate in all pathways

53
Q

Recognition Unit of Classical pathway

A

C!qrs comples

54
Q

C1qrs complex is ________ dependent

A

Calcium dependent

55
Q

Antibody structure that binds to complement

56
Q

Cleaves C4 and C2

57
Q

Binds to Fc region of IgG and IgM

58
Q

Activates C1s

59
Q

Stabilizes C3 convertase in alternative pathway

60
Q

Analogous to C2

61
Q

Factor B

A

Binds to C3 to form C3 convertase

62
Q

Factor D

A

Activates and Cleaves Factor B

63
Q

Major Regulator of Alternative pathway

64
Q

Recognition unit in MBL Pathway

65
Q

MBL is homologous to _______ complex

A

C1qrs complex

66
Q

In MBL, it cleaves C4 and C2

67
Q

Major MASP in MBL

68
Q

MASP-2 is homologous to ____ in classical pathway

69
Q

MBL is produced in the _____

70
Q

Plasma Complement Regulators

Factor I:
Factor H:
C1 inhibitor:
C4-binding protein:
S-protein:
A

Plasma Complement Regulators

Factor I: Cleaves C3b and C4b
Factor H: inactivate C3b and prevents binding of B to C3b
C1 inhibitor: Dissociates C1r and C1s, from C1q
C4-binding protein: Inactivate C4b
S-protein: Prevents attachments of the C5b67 complex in cell membrane

71
Q

Dissociates C1r and C1s, from C1q

A

C1 inhibitor

72
Q

Inactivate C3b and prevents binding of B to C3b

73
Q

Cleaves C3b and C4b

74
Q

Prevents attachments of the C5b67 complex in cell membrane

A

S-protein/vitronectin

75
Q

Most common complement deficiency

76
Q

Most severe type of complement deficiency

77
Q

What complement deficiency manifests Neisseria infections

A

C5-C8

Properdin

78
Q

Complement deficiency in Hereditary angioedema

79
Q

C1s complement deficiency result to:

80
Q

Factor H and Factor I deficiency

A

Recurrent Pyogenic infections

81
Q

Deficiency complement in PNH

82
Q

Deficiency in MASP-2 causes _____________

A

Pneumococcal infections

Immunology-Serology (15 decks)

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