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Immunology-Serology > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

HEIGHTENED STATE of immune response and an EXAGERRATED response to a harmless antigen that results in injury to the tissue, inflammation, cell destruction, or even lead to death

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2
Q

Immediate specific hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE antibodies

A

ATOPY

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3
Q

Atopic allergies

A

Fever
Asthma
Food allergies
Latex sensitivity

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4
Q

Altered reaction to external substances that results to an exaggerated response reacting strongly to allergens

A

Allergy

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5
Q

Allergens

A

Antigens of Low MW that cause allergic reaction to occur

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6
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

Anaphylactic or Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction

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7
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

Cytotoxic

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8
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

Immune Complex

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9
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

T cell dependent (Cell Mediated)

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10
Q

Severe type of hypersensitivity reaction that simultaneously involves multiple organs (systemic response) leading to death.

A

ANAPHYLAXIS

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11
Q

True or False. Morse. IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY develop within minutes to hours. Triggers the formation of IgG and IgM

A

First statement is true. Second statement is false.

A: Triggers the formation of IgE

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12
Q

It causes anaphylactic reaction (systemic response)

A

Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction

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13
Q

Major mediators of Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

Histamine
leukotriene C4
interleukin-4 (IL-4),
interleukin-13 (IL-13)

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14
Q

IgE mediated

A

Type I

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15
Q

Effector Cells for IgE

A

Mast cells/Basophils

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16
Q

Mechanism in Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

People with IgE antibodies on particular allergen that developed when the body detected as foreign by the interaction of the mast cells to the IgE releasing mediators which becomes cells to be sensitized and react aggressively once exposed on the same allergen.

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17
Q

3 Stages of Anaphylaxis

A
  1. Allergen attaches to the IgE antibody fixed to the surface membrane of mast cells and basophils.
  2. Sensitized mast cells and basophils release various mediators.
  3. Mediators affect to produce vascular changes and activation of platelets, eosinophils, neutrophils, and the coagulation cascade.
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18
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Allergic reactions

A 
bronchospasm and laryngeal edema
vascular congestion 
skin manifestations (urticaria: hives)
angioedema
diarrhea or vomiting,
Intractable shock
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19
Q

a.k.a Anaphylaxis like or Pseudo-anaphylaxis

A

Anaphylactoid Reaction

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20
Q

True or False (Morse). Anaphylactoid Reaction is the result from immunologically inert materials that activate serum and tissue proteases and the COMMON PATHWAY of Complement system. It is mediated by Antigen-Antibody reaction.

A

Both Statement are not True.

A: It results from activation of the ALTERNATIVE pathway of the complement system.

A: Not mediated by Antigen-Antibody

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21
Q

In vivo tests for Type I Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Skin puncture Test (SPT)

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22
Q

In vitro tests for Type I Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Total IgE
Competitive radioimmunosorbent test (RIST)
Radio allergosorbent Test or March Profile
Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay

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23
Q

All are not in vivo test; except

  1. SPT
  2. RIST
  3. Chemiluminescence
  4. March Profile
A

SPT

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24
Q

Used radiolabeled IgE to compete with patient IgE for binding sites on a solid phase coated with anti-IgE

A

RIST

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25
Q

This includes Localized Reactions

A

Urticaria
Angioedema
Skin reactions

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26
Q

5 Cardinal Signs

A 
Dolor
Rubor (Redness)
Pallor (Paleness)
Calor (Pain)
Functio leisa (Loss of Function
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27
Q

Antobodies involved in Type II Hypersensitivity reaction

A

IgG and IgM

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28
Q

For how many minutes which SPT is observed after inoculation

A

15 minutes

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29
Q

What are observed after SPT

A

Redness
Inflammation
Spots
Diameter (>3 mm)

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30
Q

IgG and IgM antibodies of Type II promotes phagocytosis, involving activation of these two mechanism

A 
NK cells (ADCC)
Complement cascade reaction
31
Q

ADCC

A

Antibody Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity

32
Q

Three Mechanism of Type II Reactions

A
  1. Antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxic
  2. Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  3. Antireceptor antibodies
33
Q

Type II reaction which occurs through the interaction of IgG or IgM antibody with cell-bound antigen and involve in the activation of complement and destruction of the cell (cytolysis)

A

Antibody dependent, COMPLEMENT mediated cytotoxic reaction

34
Q

These conditions occurs in Antibody dependent, complement mediated cytotoxic reaction

A

Transfusion reactions and HDFN

35
Q

HDFN

A

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

36
Q

Condition where there is excessive destruction of fetal RBCs by maternal antibodies due to RhD antigen incompatibility of an Rh (-) mother and Rh (+) Father.

37
Q

Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

A

Consequences of INCOMPATIBILITY between patient( recipient) and donor erythrocytes during or shortly after a transfusion (minutes to hours) which results to shortened posttransfusion survival of RBCs, an allergic response, or disease transmission.

38
Q

A Type II reaction which antibody-coated cells (IgG/IgM) are lysed by natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages expressing Fc receptors that damages solid tissues

A

Antibody-dependent, CELL-mediated cytotoxicity

39
Q

This is involved in antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis

A

Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity

40
Q

Type II reaction that disturb the normal function of receptors which antibodies modify the function of cells by binding to receptors for hormones (autoimmune hypersensitivity against solid tissue)

A

Anti-receptor antibodies

41
Q

Tests performed to detect Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)

Indirect antihuman globulin (AHG)

42
Q

Mechanism by which there is the deposition of immune complexes (IgG/IgM) in blood vessel walls and tissues, and once complexes are in tissues it activates the complement system.

A

Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction (Immune Complex)

43
Q

These are a complex of antigen-antibody reaction.

A

Immune Complex

44
Q

True or False. • Immune complex bind complement causing release of mediators that increase VASOCONSTRICTION that attract macrophages and neutrophils, and enhance binding of phagocytic cells by means of C3b deposited in the tissues

A

False. Binding to immune complexes INCREASES VASOPERMEABILITY VASODILATION

45
Q

Conditions associated to Type III Reactions

A 
Farmer’s Lung
Arthus reaction
Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Serum sickness
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rheumatoid arthritis
46
Q

Inflammatory response due to antigen–antibody combination and subsequent formation of immune complexes that deposit in small dermal blood vessels

A

Arthus reaction

47
Q

Characteristics of Arthus reaction

A

Erythema and Edema

48
Q

Steps in Arthus Phenomenon

A
  1. Circulation Contains antibodies
  2. Immune Complexes form on vessels, and activate complement.
  3. Anaphylotoxins causes VASODILATION, accumulation of PMNS, and escape of proteins.
49
Q

Conditions of Autoimmune Diseases

A 
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
50
Q

An autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies that form immune complexes with autoantigens, which are deposited in the renal glomeruli

51
Q

Immune complex deposition occurs in the MEMBRANES OF INFLAMED JOINTS.

52
Q

Three Mechanisms of Tissue Injury

A
  1. Antibody can react with soluble antigens in the circulation and form immune complexes
  2. Antibody can react with antigen secreted or injected locally into the interstitial fluid
  3. Antibody can also react with structural antigens that form part of the cell surface membranes or with fixed intercellular structures such as the basement membranes.
53
Q

Testing for Type III Hypersensitivity

A 
Latex agglutination,
Nephelometery 
Chemiluminescence techniques
Fluorescent staining
Measuring Complement Levels
54
Q

Delayed type of Hypersensitivity Reaction

55
Q

Major Mechanism of Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

T lymphocytes mediated (Th1 cells) and Phagocytes

56
Q

True or False. Type II DM occurs in Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

False. Type I (insulin dependent) DM occurs in Type IV reaction

57
Q

Conditions associated with Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Contact Dermatitis
Type I DM
Latex Sensitivity
Pneumonitis

58
Q

Hypersensitivity Reaction involved in Graft rejection and Tumor Cells

A

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction

59
Q

True or False. Type IV are associated with formation of CHRONIC GRANULOMAS

60
Q

Hypersensitivity Reaction that is most common in autoimmune diseases

A

Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction

61
Q

These are molecules activated once immune complexes are deposited in tissues resulting to Immune mediated Damage

A

C’ system
Macrophages
WBCs

62
Q

An occupational types of hypersensitivity

A

Contact Dermatitis

63
Q

Tests used for Type IV

A

Skin Testing for TB
Patch Test
Mantoux Method

64
Q

Gold Standards in testing for Contact Dermatitis

A

Patch Test

65
Q

Rheumatoid factor are against to what antibody?

66
Q

Antibodies present in ABO Blood group inompatibilities

67
Q

Enumerate what conditions are associated in;

Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV

A 
Type I
     Anaphylaxis
     Urticaria
     Rhinitis
     Asthma

Type II
Transfusion Reactions
HDFN
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Type III
     Arthus Reaction
     Serum Sickness
     SLE
     RA
Type IV
     Contact Dermatitis
     Graft Rejection
     Latex Sensitivity
     Poison Ivy
     Pneuomonitis
68
Q

Hypersensitivity Reaction(s) that do not involve complement system;

A

Type II & III

69
Q

Most sever type of Hypersensitiity Reaction

70
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Anaphylaxis
Urticaria
Rhinitis
Asthma

71
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Transfusion Reactions
HDFN
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

72
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Arthus Reaction
Serum Sickness
SLE
RA

73
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reactions

A 
Contact Dermatitis
     Graft Rejection
     Latex Sensitivity
     Poison Ivy
     Pneuomonitis

Immunology-Serology (15 decks)

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