PRACTICE QUIZ UNIT 4

Question 1

What membrane enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins?

Answer 1

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 2

What membrane enclosed organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins destined for other regions of the cell?

Answer 2

Golgi complex

Question 3

What membrane enclosed organelle can engulf a worn out organelle, digest its chemical components, and recycle them?

Answer 3

Lysosome

Question 4

The major function of mitochondria

Answer 4

To generate ATP

Question 5

What protects contents of the nucleus?

Answer 5

Nuclear envelope

Question 6

Gene containing structures that consist of highly coiled and folded DNA along protein molecules. There are 46 of them in most cells of the human body

Answer 6

Chromosomes

Question 7

What organelle is not surrounded by at least one phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 7

Ribosome

Question 8

How do ribosomes, rough ER, Golgi complex, and vesicles work together to produce and export protein from a cell? (3)

Answer 8

• Ribosomes sit on the rough ER and synthesize proteins that enter the lumen of the rough ER where they are modified before being sent out in transport vesicles to fuse with the CIS face of the golgi
• Once inside the lumen of the Golgi, the proteins undergo further modification and are tagged with molecules that signal they will be secreted from the cell
• The modified and tagged proteins leave the Golgi from the TRANS face in secretory vesicles that will fuse with the cell membrane and release the proteins from the cell by exocytosis

Question 9

List all characteristics of life and provide a short description for each (6):

Answer 9

1. ORGANIZATION: at all levels, from cell to organism, living things have ordered compartments and levels of organization.
   METABOLISM: living things have a set of chemical reactions that contribute to the organism’s metabolism.
2. EXCHANGE OF MATERIALS: living things take in and release materials from and to the environment.
3. RESPONSIVENESS: living things adjust to changes in the environment by exhibiting a series of responses.
4. MOVEMENT: at every level of organization living things can move the body or components within the body.
5. DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH, & REPRODUCTION: living things are the result of parent organism forming new organisms,
   grow through cell division from a single cell, and develop and specialize through cell differentiation.

Question 10

Major function of the nucleus

Answer 10

Houses DNA, directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Question 11

Major function of the Rough ER

Answer 11

Makes phospholipids, packs and modifies proteins made by ribosomes on the RER into transport vesicles to be sent to the Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Major function of the Smooth ER

Answer 12

Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids, detoxification of medications and poisons, alcohol metabolism, and storage of calcium ions

Question 13

Major function of the cell membrane

Answer 13

Separates the internal contents from extracellular environment; regulates passage into and out of the cell

Question 14

Major function of lysosomes

Answer 14

Contain digestive enzymes that aid in the breakdown of organic molecules (digesting food, recycling organelles, destroying pathogens

Question 15

Major function of the mitochondria

Answer 15

Break down glucose and make ATP through cellular respiration

Question 16

Major function of ribosomes

Answer 16

Site of protein synthesis

Question 17

Major function of the Golgi

Answer 17

Modify proteins and lipids by adding molecules and send out for distribution

Question 18

Major function of vesicles

Answer 18

Membrane-bound structures that transport or store materials in the cell