PRACTICE QUIZ UNIT 1-3 Flashcards
This is defined as a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function
Tissue
4 major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
3 types of subatomic particles important for understanding chemical reactions
Protons, neutrons, electrons
What subatomic particles have no charge
Neutrons
What region of an atom contains protons and neutrons
Nucleus
The number of protons in an atom is represented by
Atomic number
Which subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds
Electrons
Negatively charged atom
Anion
This type of chemical bond involves sharing of valence electrons between two atoms
Covalent bond
The chemical bonds formed between atoms in a water molecule
Polar covalent bond
A chemical reaction involves interactions between the ____ of two different atoms
Valence electrons
A women weighs 50kg… how much on average would the water in her body weigh
25kg
Monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy
Glucose
Polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells
Glycogen
Fatty acid that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond
Unsaturated
This lipid is the body’s primary long-term energy storage molecule
Triglyceride
Are phospholipids the major form of energy storage
No
How much does an infant weigh if the water in their body weighs 6 kg
8 kg
A man weighs 90 kg. What volume of water is in his body (1kg of water = 1L )
54 L
A women has a water volume of 31 L, how much does she weigh
62kg
Why does the water molecule have polar covalent bonds
Because the oxygen atom is electronegative
Of the big 4, which element makes up the smallest percentage of human body
Nitrogen
Two most important inorganic molecules that contain oxygen
CO2 and O2
How many electrons can the second shell hold
8
A molecule consisting of more than one element is called
Compound
How are two oppositely charged ions held together
By electrostatic attraction
Water electron bond
Oxygen shares one pair of electrons with each hydrogen atom
% of water in total body weight of infant
75%
What fatty acids have no double covalent bonds between carbons
Saturated
Major lipid component of cell membranes
Phospholipid
Ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates
1:2
Main energy supplying molecule in body
Glucose
Monosaccharides found in genetic material
Deoxyribose and ribose
Storage polysaccharide found in plants
Starch
Storage polysaccharide found in animals
Glycogen
Structural polysaccharide found in plants
Cellulose
Four fused carbon rings is found in
Steroids
Each phospholipid is a ____ molecule, meaning it has one region that is ____ charged and another region that is ____ charged
Amphipathic, positively, negatively
Very briefly describe the four ways that water is important to living things
- Water acts as a lubricant in the body (synovial joint fluid) and as a cushioning substance (surrounding the brain). 2. Water can stabilize body temperature (evaporation of sweat) because of its role as a heat sink.
- Many important biological molecules can dissolve into water and form vital liquid mixtures.
- Water takes part in important biological chemical reactions being formed (dehydration) or split (hydrolysis).
Using words only, explain what is meant by the term hydrogen bond
A hydrogen with a weak positive charge is electrostatically attracted to another atom that has a weak negative charge.
List the various ways that the three subatomic particles are similar and different from one another. Consider their location in the atom, their mass, and their charge.
- Protons and neutrons are found in the atomic nucleus while electrons orbit the atomic nucleus.
- Protons and neutrons each have one unit of mass while electrons have negligible mass.
- Protons and electrons each have a charge while neutrons are uncharged.
- Protons have one unit of positive charge and electrons have one unit of negative charge.
Differentiate between intracellular and extracellular fluid and list the components that make up body extracellular fluid.
- Intracellular fluid is the fluid inside the cells of your body (all the cytoplasm/cytosol within the cell membranes).
- Extracellular fluid is all the fluid outside of your cells (major components are blood plasma and interstitial fluid).
- There are a number of other smaller components of extracellular fluid in your body - refer to lecture slides for details.
. DNA and RNA are both polymers of nucleotides, but they differ in a number of key features. Describe their structural and functional differences.
- DNA has nucleotides with the sugar deoxyribose while RNA has nucleotides with the sugar ribose.
- DNA is found in the nucleus and RNA is found in the cytoplasm of cells.
- DNA is the genetic material, controlling all cellular functions and structure while RNA is involved in making proteins.
- DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, T while RNA contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, U.
- DNA exists as two strands forming a double helix while RNA exists as a single strand that may be folded or unfolded.
