PRACTICE QUIZ UNIT 1-3

Question 1

This is defined as a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function

Answer 1

Tissue

Question 2

4 major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body

Answer 2

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 3

3 types of subatomic particles important for understanding chemical reactions

Answer 3

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 4

What subatomic particles have no charge

Answer 4

Neutrons

Question 5

What region of an atom contains protons and neutrons

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

The number of protons in an atom is represented by

Answer 6

Atomic number

Question 7

Which subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds

Answer 7

Electrons

Question 8

Negatively charged atom

Answer 8

Anion

Question 9

This type of chemical bond involves sharing of valence electrons between two atoms

Answer 9

Covalent bond

Question 10

The chemical bonds formed between atoms in a water molecule

Answer 10

Polar covalent bond

Question 11

A chemical reaction involves interactions between the ____ of two different atoms

Answer 11

Valence electrons

Question 12

A women weighs 50kg… how much on average would the water in her body weigh

Answer 12

25kg

Question 13

Monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy

Answer 13

Glucose

Question 14

Polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells

Answer 14

Glycogen

Question 15

Fatty acid that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond

Answer 15

Unsaturated

Question 16

This lipid is the body’s primary long-term energy storage molecule

Answer 16

Triglyceride

Question 17

Are phospholipids the major form of energy storage

Answer 17

No

Question 18

How much does an infant weigh if the water in their body weighs 6 kg

Answer 18

8 kg

Question 19

A man weighs 90 kg. What volume of water is in his body (1kg of water = 1L )

Answer 19

54 L

Question 20

A women has a water volume of 31 L, how much does she weigh

Answer 20

62kg

Question 21

Why does the water molecule have polar covalent bonds

Answer 21

Because the oxygen atom is electronegative

Question 22

Of the big 4, which element makes up the smallest percentage of human body

Answer 22

Nitrogen

Question 23

Two most important inorganic molecules that contain oxygen

Answer 23

CO2 and O2

Question 24

How many electrons can the second shell hold

Answer 24

8

Question 25

A molecule consisting of more than one element is called

Answer 25

Compound

Question 26

How are two oppositely charged ions held together

Answer 26

By electrostatic attraction

Question 27

Water electron bond

Answer 27

Oxygen shares one pair of electrons with each hydrogen atom

Question 28

% of water in total body weight of infant

Answer 28

75%

Question 29

What fatty acids have no double covalent bonds between carbons

Answer 29

Saturated

Question 30

Major lipid component of cell membranes

Answer 30

Phospholipid

Question 31

Ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates

Answer 31

1:2

Question 32

Main energy supplying molecule in body

Answer 32

Glucose

Question 33

Monosaccharides found in genetic material

Answer 33

Deoxyribose and ribose

Question 34

Storage polysaccharide found in plants

Answer 34

Starch

Question 35

Storage polysaccharide found in animals

Answer 35

Glycogen

Question 36

Structural polysaccharide found in plants

Answer 36

Cellulose

Question 37

Four fused carbon rings is found in

Answer 37

Steroids

Question 38

Each phospholipid is a ____ molecule, meaning it has one region that is ____ charged and another region that is ____ charged

Answer 38

Amphipathic, positively, negatively

Question 39

Very briefly describe the four ways that water is important to living things

Answer 39

1. Water acts as a lubricant in the body (synovial joint fluid) and as a cushioning substance (surrounding the brain). 2. Water can stabilize body temperature (evaporation of sweat) because of its role as a heat sink.
2. Many important biological molecules can dissolve into water and form vital liquid mixtures.
3. Water takes part in important biological chemical reactions being formed (dehydration) or split (hydrolysis).

Question 40

Using words only, explain what is meant by the term hydrogen bond

Answer 40

A hydrogen with a weak positive charge is electrostatically attracted to another atom that has a weak negative charge.

Question 41

List the various ways that the three subatomic particles are similar and different from one another. Consider their location in the atom, their mass, and their charge.

Answer 41

• Protons and neutrons are found in the atomic nucleus while electrons orbit the atomic nucleus.
• Protons and neutrons each have one unit of mass while electrons have negligible mass.
• Protons and electrons each have a charge while neutrons are uncharged.
• Protons have one unit of positive charge and electrons have one unit of negative charge.

Question 42

Differentiate between intracellular and extracellular fluid and list the components that make up body extracellular fluid.

Answer 42

• Intracellular fluid is the fluid inside the cells of your body (all the cytoplasm/cytosol within the cell membranes).
• Extracellular fluid is all the fluid outside of your cells (major components are blood plasma and interstitial fluid).
• There are a number of other smaller components of extracellular fluid in your body - refer to lecture slides for details.

Question 43

. DNA and RNA are both polymers of nucleotides, but they differ in a number of key features. Describe their structural and functional differences.

Answer 43

• DNA has nucleotides with the sugar deoxyribose while RNA has nucleotides with the sugar ribose.
• DNA is found in the nucleus and RNA is found in the cytoplasm of cells.
• DNA is the genetic material, controlling all cellular functions and structure while RNA is involved in making proteins.
• DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, T while RNA contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, U.
• DNA exists as two strands forming a double helix while RNA exists as a single strand that may be folded or unfolded.