Practice (KHAN) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mediating variable? Provide 1 example.

A

a variable that attempts to assess the mechanisms underlying in the relationship between an independent and dependent variable

example: social group (independent variable) → food selection (mediating variable) → obesity (dependent variables)

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2
Q

primary vs secondary groups

A
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3
Q

Define homophily.

A

the tendency for people to choose relationships with people who have similar attributes to themselves

(homo = “the same”, phile = “to love”)

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4
Q

cognitive dissonance

A
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5
Q

What is a causal mechanism (in sociology)?

A

the processes or pathways through which an outcome is brought into being (why or how it happened)

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6
Q

What is intersectionality?

A

the acknowledgment that everyone has their own unique experiences of discrimination and oppression

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7
Q

What is class consciousness?

A

an awareness of ones social and/or economic class relative to others

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8
Q

What is social stratification?

A

the allocation of individuals and groups according to various social hierarchies of differing power, status, or prestige

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9
Q

What is social exclusion?

A

a situation where not everyone has equal access the the opportunities and services that allow them to lead a decent life

the process in which individuals are blocked from various rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to a different groups

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10
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

the study and analysis of the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health and diseases conditions in specified populations

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11
Q

Define stigma.

A

the disapproval of, or discrimination against, an individual or group based on perceivable social characteristics that distinguish them from other members of society

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12
Q

What is symbolic interactionism?

A
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13
Q

The prefrontal lobe is associated which type of memory?

A

shot term / working memory

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14
Q

retest reliability

A
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15
Q

content validity

A
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16
Q

internal consistency

A
17
Q

external validity

A
18
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

the memory of facts or events

19
Q

What is topographic memory?

A

the ability to recognize places or to orient oneself to a particular space

20
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

memory of an autobiographical event

21
Q

What is a meta-analysis study?

A

a study that analyzes a group of experiments to determine an overall effect

22
Q

What is a retrospective cohort study? Give 1 example.

A

a study which follows a group of individuals as they reflect on events in their past

ex. interviewing a cohort of people with HIV about their lifestyle and medical history to study the origins of the disease

23
Q

What is a cross-sectional study?

A

an observational study that analyzes data from different populations at a single point in time

(as opposed to a longitudinal study that analyzes data of individuals over time)

24
Q

What are procedural memories made in the brain?

A

the cerebellum and the basal ganglia

25
Q

Describe the James-Lange theory of emotion?

A

a stimulus first results in physiological arousal, which then leads to a secondary response to which the emotion is labelled

ex. a car cutting you off causes increased heart rate, leading to the cognitive labelling of anger: “i must be angry because my heart rate increased”

26
Q

Describe the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

A
27
Q

What are the 3 elements of an emotion?

A

the physiological response, the behavioural response, the cognitive response