Practice (KHAN) Flashcards
What is a mediating variable? Provide 1 example.
a variable that attempts to assess the mechanisms underlying in the relationship between an independent and dependent variable
example: social group (independent variable) → food selection (mediating variable) → obesity (dependent variables)
primary vs secondary groups
Define homophily.
the tendency for people to choose relationships with people who have similar attributes to themselves
(homo = “the same”, phile = “to love”)
cognitive dissonance
What is a causal mechanism (in sociology)?
the processes or pathways through which an outcome is brought into being (why or how it happened)
What is intersectionality?
the acknowledgment that everyone has their own unique experiences of discrimination and oppression
What is class consciousness?
an awareness of ones social and/or economic class relative to others
What is social stratification?
the allocation of individuals and groups according to various social hierarchies of differing power, status, or prestige
What is social exclusion?
a situation where not everyone has equal access the the opportunities and services that allow them to lead a decent life
the process in which individuals are blocked from various rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to a different groups
What is epidemiology?
the study and analysis of the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health and diseases conditions in specified populations
Define stigma.
the disapproval of, or discrimination against, an individual or group based on perceivable social characteristics that distinguish them from other members of society
What is symbolic interactionism?
The prefrontal lobe is associated which type of memory?
shot term / working memory
retest reliability
content validity
internal consistency
external validity
What is semantic memory?
the memory of facts or events
What is topographic memory?
the ability to recognize places or to orient oneself to a particular space
What is episodic memory?
memory of an autobiographical event
What is a meta-analysis study?
a study that analyzes a group of experiments to determine an overall effect
What is a retrospective cohort study? Give 1 example.
a study which follows a group of individuals as they reflect on events in their past
ex. interviewing a cohort of people with HIV about their lifestyle and medical history to study the origins of the disease
What is a cross-sectional study?
an observational study that analyzes data from different populations at a single point in time
(as opposed to a longitudinal study that analyzes data of individuals over time)
What are procedural memories made in the brain?
the cerebellum and the basal ganglia
Describe the James-Lange theory of emotion?
a stimulus first results in physiological arousal, which then leads to a secondary response to which the emotion is labelled
ex. a car cutting you off causes increased heart rate, leading to the cognitive labelling of anger: “i must be angry because my heart rate increased”
Describe the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.
What are the 3 elements of an emotion?
the physiological response, the behavioural response, the cognitive response
