AAMC Practice Flashcards
Brocas area function and location (hemisphere)
speech production
left hemisphere (for most people)
Wernicke’s Area function and location (hemisphere)
language comprehension
left hemisphere (for most people)
“shadowing”
a cognitive test used in attention studies
a participant repeats aloud a message word for word at the same time that the message is being presented, often while other stimuli are presented in the background
predictive validity
the ability of a test to predict the future behavior of a person who takes it.
What side of the brain is most related to speech and language?
the LEFT hemisphere
thalamus function
information relay station
all information from your body’s senses (except smell) must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain’s cerebral cortex for interpretation
also plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory
hypothalamus function:
controls _H_omeostasis and _H_ormones
controls hormone release by controlling the pituitary gland
hippocampus function
input to the left ear goes to the auditory cortex is in the _____ (left/right) hemisphere
RIGHT
(opposite)
Sensory memory
the most fleeting kind of memory storage
our eyes and ears remember a large amount of visual and auditory information for a brief moment follow exposure
sensory coding
confounding variables
a third variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables
Weschler Scale of intelligence (WISC)
cocaine drug type
stimulant
internalization of receptors
a receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell
what do endocrine glands produce?
endocrine vs exocrine
“shaping”
a variant of operant conditioning; the process of rewarding increasingly specific behaviours (any behaviour that may eventually lead to the desired behaviour)
instinctive drift
the tendency of some trained animals to revert back to instinctual behaviors
stimulus generalization
when a stimulus similar enough to the conditioned stimulus can also produce the conditioned response
ex. little albert
partial reinforcement
reinforcing an organism only sometimes and not everytime the desired behavior occurs
the serial-position effect
the tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle
hindsight bias
the tendency for people to perceive past events as having been more predictable than they actually were
“i knew it all along”
chunking
a memory trick that involves taking individual elements of a large list and grouping them together into groups of elements with related meanings
memory decay
natural memory loss that occurs over time (not a result of disorder)
aging and memory
retention function
episodic memory
the memory of everyday events that can be explicitly stated or conjured
It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at particular times and places
semantic memory
conscious long-term memory for meaning, understanding, and conceptual facts about the world
implicit memory
memory that does not require the conscious recollection of past events or information, and the individual is unaware that remembering has occurred
counterculture
socialization
material culture
social reproduction
front stage self
back stage self
culture lag
cultural assimilation
culture shock
the feeling of disorientation that occurs due to an encounter with an unfamiliar culture
cultural transmission
the process through which cultural elements are passed onto and taught to individuals and groups (ex. from one generation to another)
