10.3 Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination Flashcards
stereotypes
the expectations, impressions, and opinions about the characteristics of members of a group
occur when attitudes and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a person or a group of individuals
stereotype content model
attempts to classify stereotypes with respect to a hypothetical in-group using 2 dimensions : warmth and competence
stereotype content model: warm groups
are not in direct competition with the in-group for resources
stereotype content model: competent groups
have high status within society
paternalistic stereotypes
the group is looked down upon as inferior, dismissed, or ignored
results when warmth is high but competence is low
ex. disabled people
contemptuous stereotypes
the group is viewed with resentment, annoyance, or anger
results when both warmth and competence are low
example: poor people
envious stereotypes
the group is viewed with jealousy, bitterness, or anger
result when competence is high but warmth is low
example: rich people
admiration stereotypes
the group is viewed with pride and other positive feelings
results when both warmth and competency are high
example: those in one’s in group; close allies
effect of stereotypes on the self-fulfilling prophecy
stereotypes lead to expectations of certain individuals
these expectations may create conditions that confirm the expectations
stereotype threat
a concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group
awareness of a stereotype may reduce in worse performance or avoidance of the performance altogether
prejudice
an irrational positive or negative attitude toward a person, group, or thing prior to an actual experience with it/them
propaganda
communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular perception
a common way by which large organization and political groups attempt to create prejudices in others
3 important social factors that influence prejudice
power, prestige, and class
power
the ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite any obstacles, and the ability to control resources
prestige
the level of respect shown to a person by others
class
socioeconomic status
ethnocentrism
the practice of making judgements about other cultures based on the value and beliefs of one’s own culture
in group
a social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging or identifies as a member
out group
a social group with which an individual does not identify
cultural relativism
a theory that social groups and cultures must be studied on their own terms to be understood; cultures differ fundamentally from one another, and so do the moral frameworks that structure relations within different societies
created as an attempt to avoid ethnocentrism
prejudice vs discrimination
prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is a behaviour
discrimination
occurs when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others
the differences in actions toward different groups
individual discrimination
one person discriminating against a particular person or group
usually conscious and obvious
institutional discrimination
the discrimination against a particular person or group by an entire institution
more covert and harder to extricate than individual discrimination
