Blueprint FL 3: P/S Flashcards
6 universal emotions
expressed the same by all humans, regardless of culture, language, etc.
three types of organizations
coercive
normative
utilitarian
mimetic organization
an organization that attempts to copy another organization
coercive organization
organizations in which members are forced to join
ex. Prison
A normative organization
people join due to some shared ethical or ideal goal
A utilitarian organization
organizations in which members are compensated for their involvement
ex. Employees of a particular company share membership in a utilitarian organization
groupthink
when the desire for harmony or conformity in a group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome
nobody suggests new options, etc.
group polarization
when group decision-making amplifies the original opinion of group members
results in a consensus view that is more extreme than the individual views of any one group member before the group discussion began
egocentric bias
people’s tendency to fixate on their own perspective when examining events or beliefs
Attributional bias
when people make attribute peoples behaviours to incorrect sources
ex. explain a person’s behaviour by referring to their character rather than any situational factor
framing bias
“framing effect”
the way in which data is presented or “framed” can influence decision making
Automation bias
the tendency to excessively depend on automated systems
can lead to erroneous automated information overriding correct decisions
intragenerational mobility
when change in social class happens in a person’s own lifetime
intra = within (within ONE generation)
intergenerational mobility
change in social class between generations
inter = between (changes from one generation to the next)
social reproduction
the passing on of social inequality across generations
poverty tends to beget poverty, and wealth tends to beget wealth across generations
meritocracy
a society where peoples success is based on MERIT not relationships, status, etc.
everyone has equal opportunity and their success is based on hardwork, skills, etc.
mylenation of axons…
protects neurons
increase the speed of impulse propagation
provides electrical** insulation**
does NOT affect strength because AP’s are all-or-nothing
afferent neurons
A = ascend
go TOWARDS the brain/spinal cord
includes sensory neurons
efferent neurons
E = exit
leave the brain/spinal cord and goes towards muscles
Motor neurons
foot-in-the-door persuasion technique
getting a person to agree to a small request, followed by making a much larger request
door-in-the-face persuasion technique
the initial request is unreasonably large and is therefore rejected
The initial large request is then followed by a smaller, more reasonable-sounding request that is much more likely to be accepted
construct validity
whether or not measures actually assess the variables that they are intended to assess
reliability
in research
refers to the likelihood that results could be replicated
validity
in research
refers to whether the test measures what it is intended to measure
objective assessment
measures specific characteristics based on a set of discrete options
ex. such as in the Meyers-Briggs personality assessment
subjective assessments
patients project their own subjective feelings, perceptions, and thoughts onto the assessment stimuli, yielding results that are open for inaccuracy
explains why physicians may reach a different conclusion despite seeing the same patient who says the same thing
projective test/assessment
a personality test in which subjects are shown ambiguous images or given situations and asked to interpret them
subjects project their own emotions, attitudes, and impulses onto the stimulus given
Weber’s Law
the just-noticeable difference is directly proportional to the percent change in the original stimulus
there is a linear relationship between the intensity of a stimulus and its detection
Weber’s law includes a —— relationship
linear vs nonlinear
LINEAR
4 levels of measurement scales
nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio
R-squared value in statistics
ranges from 0-1 (or 0-100%)
how well the regression line approximates the actual data
regression line
statistics
displays the connection between scattered data points in any set
relative refractory period
a new action potential CAN be initiated, but it requires a stronger stimulus to overcome to repolarization and hyperpolarization phases
absolute refractory period
another action potential CANNOT be initiated because sodium channels are inactive
