6.2 Formation of Identity Flashcards
development
the series of age related changes that happen over the course of a life span
4 theories of development
Freud: Psychosexual development theory
Erikson: Psychosocial development theory
Vygotsky: Sociocultural development theory
Kohlberg: Moral development theory
Freud: Psychosexual development theory
personality development occurs mainly during childhood
5 stages of psychosexual development theory
(and the focus for each stage)
oral → mouth (sucking thumb)
anal → anus (toilet training)
phallic → oedipal or electra conflict
latency → libido is sublimated
genital → person enters into normal relationships
fixation
when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of development
Erikson: Psychosocial development theory
personality development occurs through someones entire lifespan
each stage is focused on overcoming a conflict, and success or failure impacts overall functioning
8 stages
stages of psychosocial development theory
trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identity vs role confusion
intimacy vs isolation
generatively vs stagnation
integrity vs despair
Vygotsky: Sociocultural development theory
children learn through hands on experiences and social interactions
parents, peers, etc are all responsible for development
children internalize interactions with other
zone of proximal development
the skills and abilities that have not yet fully developed but are in the process of development
the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with the help of “more knowledgable other”
Kohlberg: Moral development theory
focused on moral reasoning and difference between right and wrong
moral reasoning depends on the level of cognitive development
3 phases; 6 stages
6 stages of the moral development theory
obedience, self interest, conformity, law and order, social contract, universal human ethics
3 phases of the moral development theory
preconventional morality
conventional morality
post conventional morality
theory of mind
the ability to understand other people by ascribing mental states to them (to sense how their mind works)
looking-glass self
the process where individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them
