8.1 group psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Michelangelo phenomenon

A

the concept of self is made up of both the intrapersonal self (the ideas an individual has about their own abilities, traits, and beliefs) and the interpersonal self (the way in which others influence one’s self)

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2
Q

social action

A

the actions and behaviours that individuals are conscious of and performing because others are around; humans behave differently depending upon their social environment

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3
Q

social interaction

A

examines the behaviour and actions of 2 or more individuals who take one another into account

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4
Q

social facilitation

A

the tendency to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others

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5
Q

Yerke’s dodson law of social facilitation

A

says that being in the presene of others significiantly raises arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks that someone is already good at and hinders the performace of less familiar tasks

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6
Q

deindividuation

A

those in a group are more likely to act inappropriately because the crowd provides anonymity and causes a loss of individual identity; the crowd decreases ones inhibitions/guilt; can lead to antinormative behaviour (ex. Riots)

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7
Q

bystander effect

A

a phenomenon where individuals do not intervene to help victoms when others are present

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8
Q

diffusion of responsibility theory

A

explains the bystander effect; when in a crowd, individuals feel less personal responsibilty to help

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9
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting/task than individually

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10
Q

peer pressure

A

the social influence placed on an individual by a group of people or another individual

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11
Q

peers

A

individuals who are equals within a social group

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12
Q

identity shift effect

A

explains peer pressure mechanism; an individual often conforms to the norms of the group when they feel a threat of social rejection

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13
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

the state of having inconsistent/conflicting thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes; leads to internal discomfort

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14
Q

group polarization

A

the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group

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15
Q

confirmation bias

A

the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one’s prior beliefs or values

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16
Q

risky shift

A

a specific type of choice shift; the tendency for groups to make riskier decisions than individuals

17
Q

choice shift

A

a change in an individual’s choices or decisions that occurs as a result of group discussion; could result in more risk or more caution

18
Q

groupthink

A

a phenomenon where desire for gorup harmony results in a group coming to an incorrect or poor decision

19
Q

fad

A

something that becomes very popular very quickly, but loses popularity just as quickly

20
Q

mad hysteria

A

when a large number of people experience delusions at same time; often reaches more people through rumours and fear; ex. panic reactions and negative news

21
Q

culture

A

the beliefs, behaviours, actions, and characteristics of a group or society of people

22
Q

assimilation

A

the process by which an individuals or groups behaviour and culture begin to resemble that of another group

23
Q

ethnic enclaves

A

locations (usually neightbourhoods) with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity (ex. China town)

24
Q

multiculturalism

A

the celebration and enhancement of cultural diversity within a society

25
Q

subcultures

A

groups of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong; different in some way, but still share similarities with the larger society

26
Q

microculture

A

can’t support people throughout their lifespan, refers to groups/organizations only affecting limited period of one’s life (ex. Girl scouts)

27
Q

counter culture

A

when a subculture gravitates towards an identity that is at odds with the majority culture and deliberately opposes the pravailing societal mores