8.1 group psychology Flashcards
Michelangelo phenomenon
the concept of self is made up of both the intrapersonal self (the ideas an individual has about their own abilities, traits, and beliefs) and the interpersonal self (the way in which others influence one’s self)
social action
the actions and behaviours that individuals are conscious of and performing because others are around; humans behave differently depending upon their social environment
social interaction
examines the behaviour and actions of 2 or more individuals who take one another into account
social facilitation
the tendency to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others
Yerke’s dodson law of social facilitation
says that being in the presene of others significiantly raises arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks that someone is already good at and hinders the performace of less familiar tasks
deindividuation
those in a group are more likely to act inappropriately because the crowd provides anonymity and causes a loss of individual identity; the crowd decreases ones inhibitions/guilt; can lead to antinormative behaviour (ex. Riots)
bystander effect
a phenomenon where individuals do not intervene to help victoms when others are present
diffusion of responsibility theory
explains the bystander effect; when in a crowd, individuals feel less personal responsibilty to help
social loafing
the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting/task than individually
peer pressure
the social influence placed on an individual by a group of people or another individual
peers
individuals who are equals within a social group
identity shift effect
explains peer pressure mechanism; an individual often conforms to the norms of the group when they feel a threat of social rejection
cognitive dissonance
the state of having inconsistent/conflicting thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes; leads to internal discomfort
group polarization
the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group
confirmation bias
the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one’s prior beliefs or values
risky shift
a specific type of choice shift; the tendency for groups to make riskier decisions than individuals
choice shift
a change in an individual’s choices or decisions that occurs as a result of group discussion; could result in more risk or more caution
groupthink
a phenomenon where desire for gorup harmony results in a group coming to an incorrect or poor decision
fad
something that becomes very popular very quickly, but loses popularity just as quickly
mad hysteria
when a large number of people experience delusions at same time; often reaches more people through rumours and fear; ex. panic reactions and negative news
culture
the beliefs, behaviours, actions, and characteristics of a group or society of people
assimilation
the process by which an individuals or groups behaviour and culture begin to resemble that of another group
ethnic enclaves
locations (usually neightbourhoods) with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity (ex. China town)
multiculturalism
the celebration and enhancement of cultural diversity within a society
subcultures
groups of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong; different in some way, but still share similarities with the larger society
microculture
can’t support people throughout their lifespan, refers to groups/organizations only affecting limited period of one’s life (ex. Girl scouts)
counter culture
when a subculture gravitates towards an identity that is at odds with the majority culture and deliberately opposes the pravailing societal mores
