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Behavioural Sciences > Chapter 9: Social Interaction > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Social Interaction Flashcards

1
Q

statuses

A

positions in society that are used to classify individuals; most are in relation to other statuses; ex. Being a student

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2
Q

3 types of statuses

A

ascribed, achieved, master

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3
Q

ascribed status

A

a status that is given involuntarily, due to factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, etc.

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4
Q

achieved status

A

a status that is gained as a result of one’s effors or choices; ex. Being a doctor

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5
Q

master status

A

the status by which a person is most identified; typically the most important status that affects all aspects of their life

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6
Q

status roles

A

a set of bliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define expectations for those who hold the status

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7
Q

role performance

A

the carrying out of behaviours associated with a given role; may change depending on the social situtation or context of the interaction (ex. Is a doctor talking to a patient or another doctor)

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8
Q

role partner

A

the person with whom one is interacting; a doctors role parter may be a patient, nurse, other doctors, etc.

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9
Q

role set

A

the various roles associated with a status

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10
Q

role conflict

A

difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of mutiple roles

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11
Q

role strain

A

difficulty satisfying multiple requirements of the same role

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12
Q

role exit

A

the dropping of one identity for another

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13
Q

group / social group

A

consists of two or more peo[le who share similar characteristics and a sense of unity; share values, interests, familiy ties, etc. ;a random crowd at the sidewalk are not a social group

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14
Q

dyad

A

a social group consisting of 2 people

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15
Q

triad

A

a social group consisting of 3 people

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16
Q

peer group

A

a group defined by association of self-selected equals around similar interests, ages, and statuses

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17
Q

family group

A

a group that is determined by birth, adoption, and marriage

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18
Q

in-groups

A

groups to which and individual belongs

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19
Q

out-groups

A

groups to which and individual competes or is in opposition with

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20
Q

reference groups

A

groups that establish the terms by which individuals evaluate themselves; ex. Determining how good of a student you are by comparing yourself to other students

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21
Q

primary group

A

interactions are direct, with close bonds providing warm, personal, and intimate relations; last for longer periods of time; ex. a close group of friends, memebers of a team

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22
Q

secondary group

A

interactions are superficial with few emotional bonds; last for a short period of time; ex. Students working on a group project

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23
Q

Gemeinshaft and Gesellschaft

A

Gemeinshaft (community): groups unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography; Gesellschaft (society): groups formed because of mutual self-interests working together toward the same goal; ex companies and countries

24
Q

interaction process analysis

A

a technique for observing, classifying, and measuring the interactions within small groups

25
Q

SYMLOG

A

revised verson of interaction process analysis; based on the belief that there are 3 fundamental dimensions of interaction: dominances vs submission, friendliness vs unfriendliness, intrumentalled controlleds vs emotionally expressive

26
Q

group conformity

A

individuals are compliant with the group’s goals, even when the group’s goals may be in direct contrast to the individuals goals; attempt to be accepted by the group

27
Q

groupthink

A

occurs when members begin to focus solely on ideas generated within the group, while ignoring outside ideas; leads to groups not exploring all sides of an issue

28
Q

network

A

describes the observable patterns of social relationships among individuals or groups

29
Q

network redundancy

A

when there are overapping connections with the same individual in a network map

30
Q

immediate networks

A

dense with strong ties; ex. Friends

31
Q

distant networks

A

looser and contain weaker ties; ex. Acquaintances

32
Q

organizations

A

bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals; they exist outside of each individuals membership within the organization

ex. Schools, companies, music groups, sports teams, etc.

33
Q

organizations vs groups (5)

A

organizations → could have a history before or after an individual member; have expressed goals (often written); have enforcement procedures that control activities of their members; have a hierarchical allotment of formal roels or duties to members; can be very large

34
Q

bureaucracy

A

a rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control; often slow to change and less efficient than other organizations

35
Q

iron law of oligarchy

A

democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group

36
Q

McDonaldization

A

refers to a shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in societies; McDonalds restaurant was the original model for this shift

37
Q

self-presentation / impression management

A

the process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviours; people use specific strategies to shape what others will think of them

38
Q

the basic model of emotional expression

A

first established by charles Darwin; said that emotional expression involves facial expression, behaviours, postures, vocal changes, and physiological changes; emotional expression is consistent with the theory of evolution and are similar across cultures

39
Q

appraisal model of emotional expression

A

there are biologicallly predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced, but there is a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression

40
Q

social construction model

A

assumes there is no biological basis for emotions; emotions are based on experiences and situational context alone

41
Q

display rules

A

cultural expectations of emotions; govern which emotions can be expressed and to what degree; varies between cultures, genders, etc.

42
Q

cultural syndrome

A

a shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, value, and behaviours among members of the same culture that are organized around a central theme

43
Q

impression management

A

our attempts to influence how others perceie us; involves the authentic self, ideal self, and tactical self

44
Q

authentic self

A

who a person ACTUALLY is, including both positive and engative attributes

45
Q

ideal self

A

who we would like to be under optimal circumstances

46
Q

tactical self

A

who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others’ expectations of use

47
Q

list 5 impression management strategies

A

self-disclosure, managing appearances, ingratiation, aligning actions, alter-casting

48
Q

self-disclosure

A

an impression management strategy; giving information about oneself to establish an identity

49
Q

managing appearances

A

an impression management strategy; using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations with others to create a postive image

50
Q

ingratiation

A

an impression management strategy; using flattering or conforming to expecttions to win someone over

51
Q

aligning actions

A

an impression management strategy; making questionable behaviour acceptable through excuses

52
Q

alter-casting

A

an impression management strategy; imposing an identity into another person

53
Q

the dramaturgical approach to impression management

A

uses theatrical performance as a metaphor to describe how individuals create images of themselves in various situations; involves the front state self and back stage self

54
Q

front stage self

A

when the actor is in front of the audience and performing according to the setting, role, and script to conform to the image they want others to see

55
Q

back stage self

A

when the actor is not being observes by an audience; actor is free to act in ways that may be inconsistent with the front stage self

56
Q

Mead theory of self

A

constrasts “I” and “me”; “me” is the part of self that is a response to the environment; “I” is the creative expression of the individual

57
Q

animal communicatoin

A

any behavior of one animal that affects the behaviour of another

Behavioural Sciences (28 decks)

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