Chapter 12 / KHAN Foundation 10 Flashcards

1
Q

glass ceiling effect

A

the idea that women are more poorly represented in higher positions in companies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

caste system

A

little social mobility; large social stability

role in life is determined by background (family and marriage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

caste vs class vs metirocroacy

A

caste → born into a social class; little mobility, large stability

class → combination of background and individual ability/efforts; more mobility, less stability

meritocracy → social position achieved based SOLELY on individual merit (background is irrelevant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

social reproduction

A

transmission of social inequality from one generation to the next

ex. People with rich parents end up wealthy themselves; poor families give birth to kids in poor neighborhoods, with less access to education and opportunities, and they grow up to be poor also

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

educational systems..

A

value the social and cultural capital of wealthy people than that of poor people

reinforces social stratification and social reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

theory of structural poverty

A

based on the concept of “holes” in the structure of society rather than poverty due to the action of the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

social class

A

a category of people who share a similar socioeconomic position in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ascribed vs achieved status

A

ascribed → involuntary status derived from characteristics such as age, gender, and skin colour

achieved → status acquired from individual efforts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

prestige

A

the amount of positive regard society has for a given person or idea

(ex. certain occupations have high prestige)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

power

A

the ability to affect others; behaviour through real or perceived rewards and punishments

based on the unequal distribution of valued resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Karl Marx / marxist theory

A

a theory that if/when the working class or “have-nots” develop class consciousness and realize that by working together as a unit they could overcome their exploitation and take control of the economic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

class consciousness

A

when the working class realizes that as a class, they have solidarity against the owners or the “haves”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

false consciousness

A

a barrier to class consciousness

a misperception of one’s actual position within society

when the “have-nots” are unable to see how bad the conditions are to assemble into a revolting group that Marx envisioned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anomie

A

accelerates social inequality

a lack of social norms

the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society

include excessive individualism and isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

strain theory

A

focuses on how anomic conditions can lead to deviant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

social capital

A

building up reliable useful social networks; gives advantages in society

people can invest financial capital to a achieve social capital

poor people have

17
Q

cultural capital

A

knowledge, education, and skills transmitted across generations

18
Q

social exclusion

A
19
Q

spatial inequality

A

focuses on social stratification across territories and their populations

20
Q

suburbanization

A

the migration of middle classes to suburban communities due to the greater concentration of poor individuals in urban centers

21
Q

urban decay

A

urban decay → when a previously functional portion of a city deteriorates and becomes ruined over time due to suburbanization

22
Q

urban renewal

A

the reverse of urban decay

when city land is reclaimed and renovated for public or private use

23
Q

gentrification

A

when upper and middle class populations begin to purchase and renovate neighbourhoods in deteriorated areas, displacing the low-SES population that lived there

24
Q

incidence

A

the number of new cases of an illness per population at risk in a given amount of time

25
Q

prevalence

A

the number of cases of an illness overall (whether new or chronic) per population in a given amount of time

26
Q

morbidity vs mortality

A

morbidity → the burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease

mortality → deaths caused by a given disease

27
Q

second sickness

A

the worsening of health conditions based on socioeconomic disparities in healthcare

28
Q

men vs women health stats

A

men tend to have higher mortality rates (die younger)

women tend to have higher morbidity rates (more less fatal diseases throughout life)

29
Q

medicare vs medicaid (USA)

A

medicare → health insurance for patients over 65, those with end-stage renal disease, and those with ALS

medicaid → health insurance for patients in significant financial need