5.1 motivation Flashcards

1
Q

motivation

A

the driving force behind our actions

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2
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

doing an activity for some reward or to avoid a punishment

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3
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

doing an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for some consequence

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4
Q

4 main theories of motivation

A

instinct theory

arousal theory

drive reduction theory

need-based theory

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5
Q

instinct theory of motivation

A

people are driven to do certain behaviours based on evolutionarily programmed instincts

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6
Q

instincts

A

innate, fixed patterns of behaviour in response to stimuli

can last for a lifetime or disappear/appear with age

ex. thumb sucking

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7
Q

arousal theory

A

people perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal

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8
Q

arousal

A

the psychological and physiological state of being awake and reactive to stimuli

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9
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

performance is worst at extremely high and low levels of arousal and optimal at an intermediate arousal level

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10
Q

drive reduction theory

A

motivation is based on the goal of eliminating uncomfortable states (drives)

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11
Q

drives (2)

A

internal states of tension that activate particular behaviours focused on goals

drives create an uncomfortable state which ensures motivation to eliminate or relieve the state

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12
Q

primary drives

A

drives related to biological processes and motivate us to maintain homeostasis

ex. food, water, and warmth

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13
Q

homeostasis

A

the regulation of the internal environment to maintain an optimal stable set of conditions

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14
Q

negative feedback loops

A
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15
Q

secondary drives

A

not directly related to biological processes

ex. the drive to get into med school

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16
Q

needs

A
17
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

a theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an individual’s behaviour

if a lower level need is not met, motivation to meet that need will be the highest priority

18
Q

the 5 needs (maslow) from highest priority to lowest priority

A
19
Q

self actualization

A

the need to realize ones fullest potential

20
Q

self-determination theory

A

emphasizes the role of the 3 universal needs which must be met to develop health relationships with oneself and others

21
Q

3 universal needs the the self-determination theory

A

autonomy

competence

relatedness

22
Q

autonomy

A

the need to be in control of one’s actions and ideas

23
Q

competence

A

the need to complete and excel at difficult tasks

24
Q

relatedness

A

the need to feel accepted and wanted in relationships

25
Q

incentive theory

A

behaviour is motivated by the desired to pursue rewards and avoid punishments

26
Q

expectancy-value theory

A

the amount of motivation needed to reach a goal is the result of both the individuals expectation of success in reaching the goal and the degree to which he or she values succeeding at the goal

27
Q

4 primary factors that influence motivation

A

instincts, arousal, drives, needs

28
Q

opponent-process theory

A

when a drug is taken repeatedly, the body will attempt to counteract the effects of a drug by changing its physiology

29
Q

tolerance

A

reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use

30
Q

sexual motivation

A

physiologically, humans are motivated to sexual behaviour based on the secretion of estrogens, progesterone, and androgens, as well as by certain odors and the desire for pleasure

cognition also plays role in sexual desire