11.3 Demographics Flashcards

1
Q

demographics

A

the statistics of populations

the mathematical applications of sociology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

common demographics

A

age, gender, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, immigration status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

age cohort

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ageism

A

prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a persons age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gender

A

the set of behavioural, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with a biological sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gender inequality

A

the intentional or unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gender segregation

A

the separation of individuals based on perceived gender

ex. male and female public restrooms, or male vs female sports team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

race

A

a social construct based on phenotypic differences between groups of people; these may be either real or perceived differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

racialization

A

the definition or establishment of a group as a particular race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

racial formation theory

A

a theory that says that racial identity is fluid and dependent on concurrent political, economic, and social factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ethnicity

A

a social construct that sorts people by cultural factors including language, nationality, religion, and other factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

race vs ethnicity

A

one can choose whether or not to display ethnic identity, while racial identities are always on display

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symbolic ethnicity

A

a specific connection to one’s ethnicity in which ethnic symbols and identity remain important, even when ethnic identity does not play a significant role in everyday life

ex. an Irish-American who celebrate St. Patricks day but their Irish ethnicity does not play a significant role in their life during the rest of the year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sexual orientation

A

one’s sexual interest toward members of the same, opposite, or both sexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

kinsey scale

A

a scale of 1 to 6 with 1 being completely heterosexual and 6 being completely homosexual

a significant proportion of the population falls between the 2 extremes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

intersectionality

A

the interplay between multiple demographic factors (especially when it leads to discrimination or oppression)

17
Q

demographic shifts

A

changes in the makeup of a population over time

18
Q

population pyramids

A

a way to visualize two variables: age and sex

19
Q

fertility rate

A

the average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a population

20
Q

birth rate

A

relative to a population size over time

usually measured as the number of births per 1000 people per year

21
Q

mortality rates

A

the number of deaths in a population per unit time

22
Q

crude rate

A

the total rate for a population (accounts for both birth rates and death rates simultaneously)

23
Q

migration

A

refers to the movement of people from one geographic location to another

24
Q

immigration

A

the movement INTO a new geographic area

25
Q

emmigration

A

the movement AWAY from a geographic area

26
Q

pull factors of migration

A

positive attributes of the new location that attract immigrants

27
Q

push factors of migration

A

negative attributes of the old location that encourage the immigrant to leave

28
Q

demographic transition

A

a specific example of demographic shift

refers to the changes in birth and death rates in a country as a result of industrialization

29
Q

4 stages of demographic transition

A

stage 1: preindustrial society; birth and death rates are high

stage 2: death rates drop as healthcare (etc.) improve

stage 3: birth rates drop as contraception (etc.) improve; fertility rates also drop as parents need to support each child for longer (as they get an education, etc.)

stage 4: in an industrialized society, both birth and death rates are low

30
Q

malthusian theory

A

focuses on how the exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of the food supply (and other resources) and lead to social degradation and disorder

31
Q

social movements

A

organized to either promote or resist social change

32
Q

relative deprivation

A

a decrease in resources, representation, or agency relative to the past or to the whole of society

33
Q

proactive vs reactive social movements

A

proactive: promote social change
reactive: resist social change

34
Q

globalization

A

the sharing of culture, money and products between countries

spurred by the improvement in global communication technology

decreases geographical constraints on social and cultural exchanges

35
Q

urbanization

A

the movement of people from rural to urban areas

(urban areas = dense areas of population creating a pull for migration)

36
Q

Ghettoes

A

areas where specific racial, ethnic, or religious minorities are concentrated (usually due to social or economic inequities)

37
Q

slums

A

an extremely densely populated area of a city with low-quality or informal housing and poor sanitation

(an extreme type of Ghetto)