Chapter 1 The Brain

Question 1

sensory neurons are _______ (afferent/efferent)

Answer 1

afferent

(_A_fferent for _A_scend)

Question 2

motor neurons are _______ (afferent/efferent)

Answer 2

efferent

(_E_fferent for _E_xit)

Question 3

interneurons

Answer 3

Found between other neurons

in the CNS only

Question 4

reflex arcs

Question 5

the CNS is composed of _______

Answer 5

the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

the PNS is composed of _______

Answer 6

the nerve tissue and fibres outside of the brain and spinal cord

includes all spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Question 7

somatic nervous system

Answer 7

the part of the PNS associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles

Question 8

autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

the part of the PNS that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and temperature control

Question 9

structures of the hindbrain (3)

Answer 9

medula oblongata

pons

cerebellum

Question 10

medula oblongata

Answer 10

regulates vital functions (breathing, heart rates, and blood pressure)

Question 11

pons

Answer 11

latin for “bridge”

links the spinal cord to the forebrain

contains sensory and motor pathways between the cortex and the medulla

handles unconscious processes such as the sleep-wake cycle and breathing

Question 12

cerebellum

Answer 12

maintains posture and balance and coordinates body movements

Question 13

thalamus

Answer 13

“information relay station”

all information from your body’s senses (except smell) must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain’s cerebral cortex for interpretation

also plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory

Question 14

hypothalamus

Answer 14

maintains homeostasis by influencing the ANS and hormones

controls hormone release by controlling the pituitary gland

links the nervous system and endocrine system

Question 15

lateral hypothalamus

Answer 15

hunger center; triggers eating and drink

(when the LH is damaged, one _L_acks _H_unger)

Question 16

ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 16

satiety center; provides signals to stop eating

(when the VMH is destroyed, one is Very Much Hungry)

Question 17

anterior hypothalamus

Answer 17

controls sexual behaviour

(when the AH is destroyed, one is Asexual)

Question 18

pineal gland

Answer 18

involved in several biological rhythms, including circadian rhythms

secretes melatonin

Question 19

basal ganglia

Answer 19

coordinates muscle movement; makes movements smooth and our posture steady

part of the forebrain

Question 20

basal ganglia vs cerebellum

Answer 20

both coordinate voluntary muscle movement

basal ganglia smoothes movement out

cerebellum maintains balance and fine motor skills

Question 21

Parkinson’s disease can result from damage to the ______

Answer 21

basal ganglia

jerky movements and uncontrolled tremors

Question 22

structures of the limbic system (5)

Answer 22

septal nuclei

amygdala

hippocampus

thalamus

hypothalamus

Question 23

limbic system

Answer 23

emotion and memory

Question 24

hippocampus

Answer 24

consolidates information to form long-term memories

Question 25

anterograde amnesia

Answer 25

cannot form new long-term memories

Question 26

retrograde amnesia

Answer 26

cannot recall old memories (formed before the event that caused the amnesia)

Question 27

fornix

Answer 27

a long projection that connects the hippocampus to other parts of the limbic system

Question 28

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 28

Main role: conserve energy

Rest and digest

Question 29

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

Activated by stress

Fight or flight