PRACTICAL: Genital pathology Flashcards
What does this show?
Equine in-situ squamous cell carcinoma
What does this show?
Equine in-situ squamous cell carcinoma - basement membrane intact - non-invasive - therefore benign - hypercellularity (v dark areas) - or early stage because no invasion
What can you see in this picture?
From late-stage equine squamous cell carcinoma SCC: well differentiated showing nests of squamous cells. Keratin pearls (typical of SCC) in centre of squamous cells.
Treatment - equine SCC
Commonly surgical removal –> check edges histologically to see if tumour has reached the excisional site. More a physical problem (e.g. urethral blockage). Usually slow-growing - some reports of a few examples metastasising to LNs.
What does this show?
seminoma (both images look like LT. Typical appearance of pale mass with well-demarcated bulges from the surface)
What does this show?
leydig cell tumour (encapsulated) polyhedral/gonal cells some vacuolation but nothing too striking some small bloodspaces
What does this show?
Sertoli cell tumour (–> feminisation) Many fibrous bands (white) v. enlarged/ elongated cells
What are the signs of feminisation (e.g. sertoli cell tumour)?
Female fat distribution gynecomastia Oestrogenic swellings (esp. caudal mammary glands, often pigmented and attractive to other male dogs) OTHER CHANGES IN THE BODY: pendulous sheath symmetrical alopecia, skin thinning atrophy of other testicle prostatic hypertrophy with squamous metaplasia (predisposes to infection) of its epithelium Behavioural changes (decreased libido, lethargy, aggression, anaemia due to oestrogenic depression of the bone marrow).
Name an ovarian tumour that produces hormones.
Granulosa-theca cell tumour Produces: androgens, oestrogens and inhibin
What is this?
Epididymitis
What does this show?
Epididymitis Testis to RHS Tunica vaginalis and albuginea in middle V. inflamed epididymal tissue on LHS where there is an inflammatory exudate within the tubules and intense reaction in theperitubular CT
How does epididymitis usually arise?
ascending infection from the accessory sex glands and the lower genital tract
Treatment - prostatitis
Castration
Does this show hyperplasia or neoplasia?
Prostatic hyperplasia - many nuclei and cells don’t fit
Does this show hyperplasia or neoplasia?
Prostatic neoplasia - increased mitotic cells, cell size/shape variation, disorganisation
What might the Dx be for this mass from the vaginal wall?
Leiomyoma or fibroleiomyoma Benign - well-differentiated mesenchymal tissue (smooth muscle with a variable amount of fibrous tissue)
What predisposes to leiomyoma or fibroleiomyoma in the vagina of a bitch?
Entire bitch - oestrogen levels
What does this show?
Cytology from peritoneal tap (not histopathology) Cell’s nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio is very much increased and are of two different sizes with differing nuclear sizes.
Define transcoelomic spread of metastases
=”Across the peritoneal cavity” Dissemination through surfaces and organs in abdominal and pelvic cavity covered by peritoneum.
What is this? What is this an example of?
Teratoma in equine testicle Example of a germ cell tumour.
What do teratomas arise from?
from totipotential germ cells. Most are benign. Uncommon but are most common in the young horse, especially crytorchid testes.
List germ cell tumours in males and females.
MALES: seminoma, teratoma (both in testis) FEMALES: dysgerminoma (ovary)
