PRACTICAL: Genital pathology

Question 1

What does this show?

Answer 1

Equine in-situ squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

What does this show?

Answer 2

Equine in-situ squamous cell carcinoma - basement membrane intact - non-invasive - therefore benign - hypercellularity (v dark areas) - or early stage because no invasion

Question 3

What can you see in this picture?

Answer 3

From late-stage equine squamous cell carcinoma SCC: well differentiated showing nests of squamous cells. Keratin pearls (typical of SCC) in centre of squamous cells.

Question 4

Treatment - equine SCC

Answer 4

Commonly surgical removal –> check edges histologically to see if tumour has reached the excisional site. More a physical problem (e.g. urethral blockage). Usually slow-growing - some reports of a few examples metastasising to LNs.

Question 5

What does this show?

Answer 5

seminoma (both images look like LT. Typical appearance of pale mass with well-demarcated bulges from the surface)

Question 6

What does this show?

Answer 6

leydig cell tumour (encapsulated) polyhedral/gonal cells some vacuolation but nothing too striking some small bloodspaces

Question 7

What does this show?

Answer 7

Sertoli cell tumour (–> feminisation) Many fibrous bands (white) v. enlarged/ elongated cells

Question 8

What are the signs of feminisation (e.g. sertoli cell tumour)?

Answer 8

Female fat distribution gynecomastia Oestrogenic swellings (esp. caudal mammary glands, often pigmented and attractive to other male dogs) OTHER CHANGES IN THE BODY: pendulous sheath symmetrical alopecia, skin thinning atrophy of other testicle prostatic hypertrophy with squamous metaplasia (predisposes to infection) of its epithelium Behavioural changes (decreased libido, lethargy, aggression, anaemia due to oestrogenic depression of the bone marrow).

Question 9

Name an ovarian tumour that produces hormones.

Answer 9

Granulosa-theca cell tumour Produces: androgens, oestrogens and inhibin

Question 10

What is this?

Answer 10

Epididymitis

Question 11

What does this show?

Answer 11

Epididymitis Testis to RHS Tunica vaginalis and albuginea in middle V. inflamed epididymal tissue on LHS where there is an inflammatory exudate within the tubules and intense reaction in theperitubular CT

Question 12

How does epididymitis usually arise?

Answer 12

ascending infection from the accessory sex glands and the lower genital tract

Question 13

Treatment - prostatitis

Answer 13

Castration

Question 14

Does this show hyperplasia or neoplasia?

Answer 14

Prostatic hyperplasia - many nuclei and cells don’t fit

Question 15

Does this show hyperplasia or neoplasia?

Answer 15

Prostatic neoplasia - increased mitotic cells, cell size/shape variation, disorganisation

Question 16

What might the Dx be for this mass from the vaginal wall?

Answer 16

Leiomyoma or fibroleiomyoma Benign - well-differentiated mesenchymal tissue (smooth muscle with a variable amount of fibrous tissue)

Question 17

What predisposes to leiomyoma or fibroleiomyoma in the vagina of a bitch?

Answer 17

Entire bitch - oestrogen levels

Question 18

What does this show?

Answer 18

Cytology from peritoneal tap (not histopathology) Cell’s nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio is very much increased and are of two different sizes with differing nuclear sizes.

Question 19

Define transcoelomic spread of metastases

Answer 19

=”Across the peritoneal cavity” Dissemination through surfaces and organs in abdominal and pelvic cavity covered by peritoneum.

Question 20

What is this? What is this an example of?

Answer 20

Teratoma in equine testicle Example of a germ cell tumour.

Question 21

What do teratomas arise from?

Answer 21

from totipotential germ cells. Most are benign. Uncommon but are most common in the young horse, especially crytorchid testes.

Question 22

List germ cell tumours in males and females.

Answer 22

MALES: seminoma, teratoma (both in testis) FEMALES: dysgerminoma (ovary)