PPT LQ2 PT2 Flashcards
Polymers is made up of repeating units called
Monomers
Characterized by their relatively large molecular masses (10,000 to 100,000 atoms per molecule)
Polymers
Ancient greek polus =
Meros=
Many much & parts
Two types of polymers
Natural and synthetic
Extracted from living organisms such as plants and animals
Natural polymers
Protein (amino acids) nucleic acids (nucleotides) carbohydrates (glucose)
Natural polymers
Synthesize in lab
Synthetic polymers
Nylon in clothing, silicone in kitchenware, and polyethylene terephthalate (pet) in beverage bottles
Synthetic polymers
Classification of polymers
Thermoplastic, elastomer, thermoset
Comparatively weak intermolecular interaction
Thermoplastic
Soften when heated and then return to its initial state when cooled
Thermoplastic
Linear or somewhat branched
Thermoplastic
Credit cards, car bumpers, insulation, and food packaging
Thermoplastic
“Sets” or solidifies permanently; heating cannot change its shape
Thermosetting
Construction and cars, glues, boat hulls, toys, and varnishes
Thermosetting
Easily stretched to several times their unstretched length and quickly revert to their initial state upon removal of applied tension
Elastomers
Cross linked
Elastomers
Rubber bands and other elastics
Elastomers
VULCANIZATION
WAS DISCOVERED
BY CHARLES
GOODYEAR
1839
PARKESINE, THE
FIRST SEMI-
SYNTHETIC
POLYMER, WAS
CREATED BY
ALEXANDER
PARKES
1862
BAKELITE, THE
FIRST COMPLETELY
SYNTHETIC
POLYMER, WAS
CREATED BY LEO
BAEKELAN
1907
MACROMOLECULAR
THEORY WAS
PROPOSED BY
HERMAN
STAUDINGER
1920
POLYETHYLENE
WAS CREATED BY
ICI (IMPERIAL
CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES); LED
TO HDPE AND LDPE
1933
NYLON WAS
SYNTHESIZED BY
WALLACE
CAROTHERS
1935
TEFLON WAS
ACCIDENTALLY
DISCOVERED BY
Dr. Roy J plunkett (1938)
On 1963 ____ WERE
INVENTED
ZIEGLER-NATTA
CATALYSTS
ADVANCEMENT OF
CUSTOM POLYMER
SYNTHESIS
1970
BIODEGRADABLE
AND BIO-BASED
POLYMERS AS
WELL AS SMART
POLYMERS
Present
CAN BE GREATLY
INFLUENCED BY THE UNIFORMITY
AND PURITY OF THE MONOMERS
Final polymer
Impurities FOR INSTANCE, CAN
CAUSE
DISCOLORATION, DECREASED
STRENGTH, OR IRREGULAR TEXTURE
CAN BE AFFECTED BY VARIABLES
LIKE TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND
PROCESS LENGTH
Molecular and crystallinity
CAN CAUSE
THERMAL DEGRADATION;
INADEQUATE TEMPERATURES CAN
PREVENT FULL POLYMERIZATION
Excessive heat
AID IN THE
MONITORING OF MULTIPLE FACTORS
DURING THE POLYMERIZATION
PROCESS
Strict quality assurance procedures
END-OF-LINE TESTING AND IN-LINE
MONITORING GUARANTEE THAT ANY
DEPARTURES FROM THE INTENDED
STANDARDS CAN BE QUICKLY
IDENTIFIED AND FIXED
Quality control
DEPENDING ON THE PROCESS,
TEMPERATURES IN THE SYNTHESIS
OF POLYPROPYLENE PLAY AROUND
50 to 80 degrees
HIGH PRESSURES—TYPICALLY
BETWEEN
1000 to 1,500 psi
ALSO CRUCIAL
FOR POLYMERIZATION
Energy intake and heat
Polymer products established in
1959
In 1959, ____ reinforced plastic (FRP)
Polyster resin and auxiliaries to the ph fiberglass
This technolgy Started operations in 2006
Chemrez technologies
Sells comprehensive range of resins, powder coatings, and eleochemicals
Chemrez technologies
These are the powder coating of chemrez technologies
Oleochemicals and resins
This corporation was established in 1994
JG Summit Olefins Corp
Dominant player in the petrochemical industry in the philippines
JG Summit Olefins Corporation
Runs the nation’s first and only naptha cracker facility
JG Summit Olefins Corporation
Smaller molecules
Heart of polymerization reaction
Monomers
What are the raw materials
Monomers, homopolymer, co-polymer
Made up of the same monomer
Homopolymer
Made up of different monomer
Co-polymer
Initiator to start the polymerization reactions
Ziegler natta catalyst
The product of the reaction often needs to be subjected to
separation through ____ to remove impurities and unreacted monomers
depending on the desired polymer product.
distillation, solvent extraction, or
filtration
are utilized to control the temperature of
the reaction and to condense the unreacted monomers from
the recycling stream for reuse
Heat exchangers
To separate the polymer from solvents such as water, it could
be filtered through the use of . This applies a
vacuum to pull the liquid through a filter, leaving the solid
polymer behind.
vacuum filters
Even after filtration, some moisture is still left from the
polymer product. This will go through a dryer to remove
moisture residue. One of the most common dryers used for
polymer products is the
centrifugal dryer
Like all processing plants, polymer production also utilizes ____ to transport substances from one place to another.
fluid flow
Some plants aim to produced polymers with distinct forms.
The product polymer could go through an _____ before
drying. An _____ is a machine that melts, mixes, conveys,
and shapes polymers into a continuous form for a wide range
of applications.
extruder
used to scrub off undesired or toxic substances
from vent gases produced from the process.
Scrubber
produced in the production process is later
treated in a wastewater treatment facility designed for
treating wastewater from production plants.
Wastewater
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