PPT LQ2 Flashcards
When did the petroleum industry began with first commercial drilling for oil in Titusville Pennsylvania?
1859
This year marked the start of modern oil
1859
The petroleum industry became a ______ shaping the global economy
Multi-dollar sector
Sourced from underground reservoirs in rock formations, found in both offshore drilling sites and onshore oil fields
Crude oil
Often extracted alongside crude oil from similar geological formations
Natural Gas
The first process and it breaks the products own into LPG, straight run gasoline, naphtha/kerosene/diesel, fuel oil and resid.
Crude Oil
LPG goes through
Alkylation
Straight run gasoline goes through
Catalytic Reforming
Naphtha, kerosene, and diesel all go through
Hydrotreating
Fuel oil goes through a
Catalytic Cracker
Residue goes through
Thermal cracking
Combines light gaseous hydrocarbons (isobutane and
alkenes) to produce high-octane alkylate.
Alkylation
Converts low-octane straight-run gasoline into high-
octane reformate.
Catalytic reforming
Hydrotreating removes impurities from naphtha, kerosene, and
diesel, while dewaxing improves low-temperature performance.
Hydrotreating and dewaxing
Breaks down heavy fractions like fuel oil into lighter
products, including gasoline.
Catalytic cracking
Uses heat to decompose heavy residues into lighter
products
Thermal Cracking
Involves the movement of oil through pipes and equipment.
Fluid flow
Heat transfer is crucial in refining for heating and cooling
processes.
Heat transfer
Separates crude oil components by heating it in a
furnace and using a fractionating column to condense
vapors at different heights for product collection.
Distillation
Captures specific gases or vapors from mixtures, such as extracting natural
gasoline from well gas
Absorption
Employs solid materials to remove unwanted substances, effectively eliminating
color impurities from lubricating oils.
Adsorption
Removes solid impurities from liquids, such as wax from oil, by chilling
the mixture and allowing the oil to drain away from the solid wax.
Filtration
Uses solvents to selectively remove specific components
from liquids
Extraction
Types and amounts of hydrocarbons in crude oil
influence viscosity, density, and boiling points
Chemical composition of crude oil
High sulfur content complicates refining and
can lead to environmental issue
Sulfur content
Oils with lower viscosity flow more easily, facilitating
processing and improving product yield
Viscosity
The boiling point range of crude oil components
affects how effectively different fractions can be
separated during distillation
Presence of Contamin
Distillation range
Impurities such as nitrogen, metals, and salt can
degrade product quality
Presence of contaminants
Different refining methods yield varying product
qualities
Processing techniques
Temperature is Ranging from ~
300°C to 750°C
Pressure from atmospheric or slightly elevated pressures to high pressure is
100 bar
Distillation focuses on
Physical separation
Chemical processes achieve
High conversion rates of heavy hydrocarbons
A naturally occuring black liquid originated from ancient living matter
Crude oil and Petroleume
Crude oil and petroleum are mixture of
Various hydrocarbon chains
A raw and unprocessed oil upon extraction
Crude oil
Refers to derivates of crude oil
Petroleum products
Country with highest import volume of crude oil in the philippines in million liters
Saudi arabia
Country with impor volume of finished petroleum products in the ph in million liters
South korea
The process of separating the hydrocarbon chain in crude oil similar lengths to create products
Petroleum refining
A process used in oil
refineries to separate,
join, or split
hydrocarbon chains
to produce different
petroleum products
Fractional distillation
The ____ are collected
at different heights in the
column based on their
densities and boiling points.
Distillates
Affects where the fluid goes out the column
Low density condense higher, high density condenses lower
tall
structures to
accommodate the
range of
condensation zones.
Fractional columns
Consists of an atmospheric distillation column, side strippers , heat
exchanger network, feed desalter and furnace as main processes
enabling the separation of crude into its various products
Crude oil distillation unit (physical)
Consists of a main vacuum distillation unit supported with side
stripper to produce desired products.
Vacuum distillation unit (physical)
Involves a chemical cracking process followed by the separation using
boiling point differences to yield the desired products.
Thermal cracker (chemical and physical)
Used for removing the sulfur form the products produces from CDU and
VDU which consist of significant amount of sulfur.
HYDROTREATER
Used for removing the sulfur form the products produces from CDU and
VDU which consist of significant amount of sulfur.
HYDROTREATER (Chemical)
Used for removing the sulfur form the products produces from CDU
and VDU which consist of significant amount of sulfur.
Hydrotreater
Used to convert desulfurized HVGO into lighter products
Fluidizied catalytic cracker (chemical)
Gas fractions require staged separation.
saturated light ends ≥C4.
The C4 separator isolates desulfurized naphtha from
Separators (physical)
Gas fractions require staged separation.
The C3 separator removes butanes for isomerization, LPG, and
gasoline production.
Separators (physical)
Gas fractions require staged separation.
C2 separator extracts C3 for LPG and produces fuel gas + H₂S.
Separator (physical)
Consisting of a series of distillation columns enables the successful separation of light naphtha and heavy naphtha
Naphtha splitter (physical)
Splits the n-butane stream into butanes entering LPG pool, gasoline pool and isomerization unit
Butane splitter (physical)
Used to split kerosene between the kerosene product and the stream
that is sent to the gas oil pool
Kerosene splitter (physical)
Heavy naphtha, with a low octane number, undergoes reforming to
produce high-octane reformate, light ends, and hydrogen.
Reformer (Chemical)
Unsaturated light ends from the FCC process are stabilized via alkylation using iC4 from the c4 separator
Alkylation splitter (chemical)
Isomerization Units converts butane to supplement the alkylation unit.
need for iC4
Isomerization splitter (chemical)
The fuel gas and H₂S stream from the C2 separator, rich in sulfur,
undergo gas treating to convert H₂S into sulfur and fuel gas.
Gas treating
Blends saturated C3s and C4s to produce C3 and C4 LPG
Blending pools (physical)
Blending n-butane, reformate, light naphtha, alkylate, and light cracked
naphtha to produce premium and regular gasoline.
Blending pools (physical)
Produces automotive diesel and heating oil from kerosene, LGO, LVGO,
and slurry
Blending pools
Produces marine diesel, heavy fuel oil, and bunker oil from LVGO, slurry,
and cracked residue.
Blending pools (physical)
The Philippines’ largest oil
company, supplying 40% of the
nation’s fuel needs while
prioritizing sustainability,
innovation, and quality.
Petron corporation
A key player in the petroleum
industry focuses on future-
proofing the country’s energy
needs by investing in innovation
and renewable energy sources
Shell ph
A contributor to the Philippine
petroleum sector by offering a
wide array of high-quality fuel
products and lubricants.
Chevron Ph
