LQ1 Madrazo Flashcards by Alessa Angelyn Cay

The raw materials undergo chemical conversion during their processing into finished products, as well as (or instead) the physical conversions common to industry in general

CPI (Chemical Process Industry)

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Involved in the production of a wide variety of products that improve the quality of our lives and generate income for companies and their stakeholders

CPI

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Combination of mechanical engineering with industrial chemistry

Course X

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was designed, according to a
contemporary course catalog, “to meet
the needs of students who desire a
general training in mechanical
engineering, and at the same time to
devote a portion of their time to the
study of the applications of chemistry to
the arts, especially to those engineering
problems which relate to the use and
manufacture of chemical products“

Course X

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_____industrialist and chair of visiting committee
of Chemical Engineering at MIT, quoted in his report in _____

Arthur D. Little
1908

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_____industrialist and chair of visiting committee
of Chemical Engineering at MIT, quoted in his report in _____

Arthur D. Little
1908

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Unit operations should be the foundation of
Chemical Engineering

Arthur D. Little

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First textbook on unit operations, Walker-Lewis-McAdams’ “Principles of Chemical Engineering” published in

1923

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The ____ and ____ saw the emergence of numerous books on unit operationsamong some of them were the books of Badger, McCabe, Brown, Foust and Geankoplis

1940s and 1950s

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organized a review of 77 chemical engineering programs,
and produced a report in 1922that helped shape and change the chemical engineering curriculum forever:

Arthur D. Little

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that branch of engineering serving those industries
that chemically convert basic raw materials into a
variety of products, and dealing with the design and
operation of plants and equipment to perform such
work; all products are formed in chemical processes
involving chemical reactions carried out under a wide
range of conditions and frequently accompanied by
changes in physical state or form

Dictionary of Engineering

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“Chemical engineer shall mean a person
duly registered and a holder of a valid
Certificate of Registration and Professional
Identification Card issued by the Board of
Chemical Engineering and the Professional
Regulation Commission.”

Article 1 Section 3

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Article 1 Section 3

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leads to the Bachelor of Science in Chemical
Engineering through a curriculum that prepares the graduate for a wide range of career pursuits.

Course 10

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leads to the Bachelor of Science in Chemical-
Biological Engineering, which includes the basic engineering core from the Course 10 degree and adds material in basic and applied biology

Course 10-B

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leads to the Bachelor of Science in
Engineering, a more flexible curriculum that supplements a chemical
engineering foundation with an area of technical specialization.

Course 10-ENG

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leads to the Bachelor of Science without
specification; this non-accredited degree requires fewer chemical
engineering subjects

Course 10-C

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The chemical engineering (ChE) department of UP Diliman was established in

1956

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University of San Carlos offered Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering

1950’s

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are series of separate and distinct steps that makes up
the processes involved in the production of goods

Unit operations

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Driving a car is driving a car no matter what the make

Unit operations

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whether one is distilling alcohol for hard liquor or petroleum for
gasoline, the underlying principles are the same!

Unit operations

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this concerns the principles that determines the flow
or transportation of any fluid from one point to another

Fluid flow

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This deals with the principles that govern
accumulation and transfer of heat and energy from one place to another

Heat Transfer

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This is a special case of heat transfer, which deals with the evaporation of a volatile solvent such as water from a nonvolatile solute such as salt

Evaporation

In this operation, volatile liquids, usually water, are removed from solid materials

Drying

This is an operation whereby components of a liquid mixture are separated by boiling because of their differences in vapor pressure.

Distillation

this process involves the removal of a component from a gas stream by treatment with liquid

Absorption

this process involves the separation of a solute from a fluid by diffusion of this solute from a liquid or gas through a semipermeable membrane barrier to another fluid

Membrane Separation

In this case a solute in a liquid solution is removed by contacting with another liquid solvent which is relatively immiscible with the solution.

Liquid-liquid extraction

In this operation, a component of a gas or liquid stream is removed by a solid adsorben

Adsorption

This involves treating finely divided solid with a liquid that dissolves out and removes a solute contained in the solid

Liquid-solid leaching

this entails the removal of a solute such as a salt from a solution by precipitating the solute from the solution

Crystallization

these involves separation of solids, liquids or gases by mechanical means, such as filtration, settling, and size reduction, which are often classified as separate unit operations

Mechanical-physical separations

About ____, P.H. Groggins suggested a somewhat similar approach to classifying chemical operations as “unit processes

1930

This concept has not proved as useful as the unit operations idea nor have its concepts been reduced to mathematical procedures

Unit Processes

Unit operations are

Fluid flow, heat transfer, evaporation, drying, distillation, absorption, membrane separation, liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, liquid-solid leaching, crystallization, mechanical-physical separations

Unit processes are

Nitration, halogenation, alkylation, esterification, hydrolysis, hydrohalogenation, sulfation, sulfonation, etc.

The basic operations of chemical engineering in a chemical process plant, that is, distillation, fluid transport, heat and mass transfer, evaporation, extraction, drying, crystallization, filtration, mixing, size separation, crushing and grinding, and conveying

From dictionary of engineering [Unit operation]

[CHEM ENG] In chemical manufacturing, a process that involves chemical conversion.

Unit process

apply the principles of chemistry to solve problems involving the ____ or use of chemicals and other products

Production

equipment and processes for large-scale chemical manufacturing

Design

plan and ____ methods of manufacturing products and treating byproducts

Test

They ____ production

Supervise

must be aware of all aspects of chemical manufacturing and how the manufacturing process affects the environment and the safety of workers and consumers

Role of chemical engineers in CPI

Chemical engineers have served as ______ of such leading global businesses as 3M, DuPont, Intel, General Electric, Union Carbide, Dow Chemical, Exxon, BASF, Gulf, and Texaco.

CEOs and senior officers

is President, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Dow Chemical Company, a global technology company focused on developing innovative solutions at the intersections of the physical, materials, polymer and biological sciences with 2013 annual sales of more than $57 billion

Andrew N. Liveris

____ attended the University of Queensland in Brisbane, graduating with a bachelor's degree (first-class honors) in

Andrew Liveris

General manager, petron corporation

Engr. Lubin B. Nepomuceno

Visual information is the ________ and is least likely to be misinterpreted. For these reasons, it is _____ that chemical engineers be able to formulate appropriate process diagrams and be skilled in analyzing and interpreting diagrams prepared by others.

1. Clearest way to present mterial 2. Essential

This diagram consisted of a series of blocksrepresenting different equipment or unit operations that were connected by input and output streams.

Block flow diagram

shows the steps involved in the manufacture of a certain product

PFD

Process flow diagram (PFD) or Process Flowsheet shows the steps involved in the manufacture of a certain product and contains:

Major piece of equipment Process flow streams Utility streams Control loops

also known as mechanical flow diagram (MFD), provides information needed by engineers to begin planning for the construction of the plant. The P&ID includes every mechanical aspect of the plant except the information given below:

The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID),

Composed of fatty acids with higher melting point

Fats

Composed of fatty acids with lower melting point

Oils

The hydrocarbon chain contains 1 or more double bonds

Unsaturated fatty acids

in analytical chemistry, measure of the degree of unsaturation of an oil, fat, or wax; the amount of iodine, in grams, that is taken up by 100 grams of the oil, fat, or wax.

Iodine number

fresh oils have a peroxide value of <10 mEq/Kg while peroxide values in the 30-40 mEq/Kg range are generally associated with a rancid taste. Peroxide Value is used to determine the rancidity of a sample containing fat or oil subject to oxidation.

Peroxide value

the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the fatty acids resulting from the complete hydrolysis of 1g of fat

Saponifacation value

Vegetable Oil Processing

Step 1. Crude vegetable oil - Refining Step 2. RBD oil - Modification Step 3. Margarine and Shortening

Vegetable Oil Processing

Step 1. Crude vegetable oil - Refining Step 2. RBD oil - Modification Step 3. Margarine and Shortening

Color bodies in the oil are adsorbed on the surface of the bleaching clay and activated carbon particles

Bleaching

Color bodies in the oil are adsorbed on the surface of the bleaching clay and activated carbon particles

Bleaching

Activated carbon bleaching clay, bleaching earth

Chlorophyll

Is a means of converting liquid oils to semisolid fats suitable for migraine, shortening, heavy-duty frying fats, and other specialty products

Hydrogenation

Trans suppression in hydrogenated soybean oil was observed

At lower temperature, higher pressure, and higher catalyst concentrations

Patent on the product was granted to unilever in 1961

Hardened fats without trans isomers

Soap making process

Preparation of raw materials, saponification, addition of other ingredients, moulding of soap, packaging

When the alkali is sodium hydroxide, a sodium soap is formed. Sodium soaps are "hard" soaps. When the alkali is potassium hydroxide, a potassium soap is formed.

Tryglycerides alkali solution

When the alkali is sodium hydroxide, a sodium soap is formed. Sodium soaps are "hard" soaps. When the alkali is potassium hydroxide, a potassium soap is formed.

Tryglycerides alkali solution

Are the raw materials for the production of soap

Triglycerides

Are the principal fatty materials in making soap

Tallow and coconut oil

has long been important in soap making. The soap from coconut oil is firm and lathers well. It contains large amount of the desired glycerides of lauric and myristic acids

Coconut oil

has long been important in soap making. The soap from coconut oil is firm and lathers well. It contains large amount of the desired glycerides of lauric and myristic acids

Coconut oil

used in the soap manufacture in many other parts of the world.

The palm oils, palm kernel oil, and their derivatives

Compositional differences in the oils and fats give rise to their significantly different physical properties and those of the resulting fatty acids and soaps.

Raw material of soap

which controls lather and (2) the amount of unsaturated chain lengths, which due to their high water solubility can improve speed of lather generation but can also negatively affect bar economy if they are present at too high levels

Lauric oil content

are inorganic chemicals added to the soap. In particular, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate were usually effective soap builders

Builders

In the past, consumers’ bathing habits were such (eg, once-a-week baths) that simple lye soaps were acceptable.

Bar soap additives

various opacifiers (titanium dioxide), fluorescers and dyes, chelants and antioxidants

Minor ingredients

improve mildness ex. oatmeal, dextrin, starch, wax, and talc

Inert material

trichlorocarbanalide or TCC (Triclocarban) and trichlorohydroxydiphenyl ether or TCS (Triclosan)

Antimicrobial agents