LQ2 Petrochemical Industry Flashcards
The history of the petrochemical industry started in
West Virginia
is to produce ethylene from ethane and
hydrogen with the process of cracking.
petrochemical industry
The Father of the Petrochemical Industry
— Dr. George Oliver Curme Jr.
He was an American chemist that first set sight on using ethylene — a by-
product of making acetylene.
Dr. George Oliver Curme Jr.
he was known to be the father of the petrochemical industry that is
mainly focused in the production of ethylene, he actually attained his PhD
working on acetylene.
Dr. George Oliver Curme Jr.
the precursor to ethylene since it was also a
versatile compound that has many uses.
Acetylene
The process of heating ethane in high temperature with steam to
form ethylene and hydrogen.
Thermal Cracking
Tasked with the separating of light hydrocarbons and ability to process them
directly into ethylene and other ethylene based products. Which were
ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, ethylene diacetate, and
Cellosolve.
The First Petrochemical Plant (1921)
any of a large group of chemicals manufactured from
petroleum and natural gas as distinct from fuels, and can be used for a variety of
commercial products.
Petrochemicals
are the molecules obtained from the feed stock
and are used to manufacture petrochemical intermediates.
Primary petrochemicals
are chemical compounds derived from and
similar to basic petrochemical substances. It is used in highly functional
materials and resins. Derivative products can be made in a variety of ways:
directly from primary petrochemicals;
through intermediate products ; and
through intermediates which incorporate chlorine, nitrogen, or oxygen
Petrochemical derivative
The raw materials for producing petrochemicals are products that you can obtain from
the petroleum refining industry such as
Naptha and Natural Gas Liquids (ethane,
propane, butane) and other sources that contains hydrocarbons such as coal and
biomass.
feedstock should contain high concentrations of hydrocarbons as they are
the building blocks for petrochemicals
Hydrocarbon Composition
feedstock composition should be pure and consistent in order to provide for
a predictable manufacturing process
Purity and Consistency
As always, manufacturers prefer feedstock that is readily available in the
market
Cost and Availability
a petrochemical process in which saturated hydrocarbons are broken
down into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons.
Steam Cracking
cracked gas is cooled at the Quench Tower (QT).
The QT further separates the gas from liquids. The gas product is H2 plus light
hydrocarbons, with ethylene being the major component.
steam cracking technology,
dynamic machines that impart kinetic energy to process gas by accelerating the gas through impellers the gas exits with a radial
velocity equal to the tip velocity of the impeller. It then decelerates in the diffuser,
and that energy is converted into pressure.
Centrifugal gas compressors
employed in ethylene plants because they can
handle very large volumes and are very robust, allowing for continuous operation in
critical services.
Centrifugal compressors
used to remove H2S and organic sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon streams.
caustic soda (NaOH)
is fed to a cold box for the removal of hydrogen and light
hydrocarbons, while minimizing ethylene losses.
Separation
uses catalytic reactions to process primarily low-octane high boiling
straight-run gasolines and naphthas into high-octane aromatics
Catalytic reforming
a chemical process that converts low octane hydrocarbons
into high octane aromatics
Catalytic reforming
Reactions are endothermic so reaction is carried in repetition with heating
intervals
catalytic reforming
is an effective separation technique for azeotrope mixtures
or close boiling point mixture. A polar solvent, entrainer or separating agent with
high boiling point is added to interact with the components in the azeotropic or
close-boiling mixtures. The solvent changes the relative volatility of the
component to be separated.
Extractive distillation
based on the “relative volatility” of nonaromatics over
aromatics created by a solvent environment. The higher relative volatility allows
nonaromatics to be separated from aromatics more easily.
ED separation
- formed from the previous subsidiaries JG Summit Petrochemical Corporation
and Olefins Corporation. - currently the only petrochemicals company that operates a naphtha cracker in
the country - the largest manufacturer of polyolefins
JG Summit
While being known for fuel distribution, Petron is also responsible for
petrochemicals production.
have been known to distribute feedstocks such as benzene, toluene and
propylene
Petron
Yokogawa provides technologies to petrochemical companies
technologies may vary from assistive control
to automation of processes
Yokogawa
