LQ3 Industrial Gases Flashcards
aregaseousmaterials specificallyproducedfor
use in various industries. These gases, which can be elements, molecular
compounds, or mixtures, are typically low in molecular weight and
possess distinct chemical properties, making them useful across a wide
rangeof applications.
Industrial Gases
Common industrial gases include ______. These gases are utilized in
sectors such manufacturing,healthcare,foodandbeverage and others
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene
1754
Carbon dioxide
1766
Hydrogen
1886
Fluorine
1772
Nitrogen
1808
Boron
1777
Phosphorus
1774
Chlorine
1777
Sulfur
Scottish chemist who discovered Nitrogen gas
in 1772
Daniel Rutherford (1748-1819)
Removed oxygen and Carbon dioxide from air,
leaving behind a gas that could not support
life or combustion, calling it
Noxious Air
Daniel Rutherford discovery led to major advancements, Fritz
Haber (1918) won for the ____
which synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen
Haber process
for industrializing it,
revolutionizing agriculture.
Carl Bosch
was an English theologian,
chemist and natural philosopher.
Joseph Priestly
In 1774, he isolated a gas by heating
mercuric oxide (HgO) by collecting the gas
in an inverted glass container and later correctly identified it as
oxygen.
Antoine Lavoisier
a Swedish German pharmaceutical chemist known for discovering
multiple elements
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Around 1772, before Priestley, _______ also discovered oxygen by heating potassium nitrate,
manganese dioxide, and mercuric oxide. However, his work was published after Priestley’s so
it was often credited first.
Scheele
The rapid pace of ______ the demand for these gases in key industries. Among them, oxygen stands out due to its diverse applications, especially in healthcare,
where patient care and respiratory treatments are prioritized.
urbanization and industrialization has increased
Oxygen and nitrogen are primarily obtained through ______.
cryogenic distillation of airand Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)
Hydrogen is commonly produced through steam methane reforming, while carbon dioxide is often captured as a
byproduct of industrial processes.
The gas industry in the Philippines can be characterized as _____ with major development and market contributors.
Emerging
What are the raw materials of Industrial gases
Natural gas, petroleum, coal, air, water
Used for the bulk separation of gas mixtures like hydrogen and
oxygen
Pressure swing Adsorption (PSA)
Relies on the adsorption of gas molecules to the surface of the
adsorbent. Molecular sieves are often used for the production of
nitrogen, while zeolite is used for the production of oxygen.
Pressure swing Adsorption (PSA)
Produces oxygen gas at around 95% purity and 20-100 tons/day
Pressure swing adsorption
What are the four operations?
Adsorption, depressurization, regeneration, repressurization
The separation of different
molecules is based on the
different physical binding
forces. The sieve/adsorbent
collect impurities within the
gas, while highly volatile and
low polarity moleculesare
able to diffuse and pass
through.
Adsorption
facilitated at high pressure
until the adsorption bed is at
full capacity.
Adsorption
Pressure is lowered to slightly
above atmospheric pressure,
causing impurities to be
desorbed and exit the system.
Depressurization
The adsorbent material
regenerates.
Regeneration
Pressure increases again so
that the adsorption-
depressurization cycle may
start again.
Repressurization
A separate, and opposite
adsorption-depressurization
cycle may take place in
parallel unit/s (i.e., while while
one PSA unit is regenerating,
adsorption is taking place in
another).
Repressurization
Molecular sieves selectively
adsorb, concentrating oxygen
as the product. Adsorbed
nitrogen is vented during
regeneration. Oxygen
concentration increases with
longer adsorption cycles, but
short cycles limit nitrogen
adsorption
Adsorption cycle
Pressure equalization reuses
high-pressure air for secondary
adsorption in another tower,
improving oxygen yield and
concentration. Oxygen
concentration is sensitive to
equalization timing, particularly
with non-optimal adsorption
cycles
Pressure equalization
Low outlet flow reduces oxygen
concentration because
concentrated oxygen isn’t removed
quickly enough. This lowers the
molecular sieve’s adsorption
capacity, and nitrogen buildup
decreases oxygen purity.
Outlet flowrate on oxygen concentration
With a sudden drop of
pressure with a range of 100 - 10
kPa, it _____ active sites of the
adsorbent since it can easily break
the weak bond formed between the
adsorbent and adsorbed molecules.
Releases
At a high pressure of around 200 kPa
- 4000 kPa, more molecules or atoms
are _____ and held onto the
surface of the adsorbent material,
showing preference in the adsorption
process
Captured
PSA operates at near-ambient
temperatures of _______. Higher
temperatures, with a range of
200°C - 450°C, allow the
adsorbent to reach its maximum
adsorption capacity faster, but at
the cost of negatively impacting
the final equilibrium
50-60 degree celsius
WHICH ONEOF THESE INDUSTRIALGASES WAS
FIRSTDISCOVERED?A. Argon
B. Oxygen
C. Chlorine
D. Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide
WHICH ISAFACTORDRIVINGDEMAND?A. Aerospace Expansion
B. Energy Sector Development
C. Cryogenic Sports Application
D. Automated Farming Techniques
Energy Sector Development
WHICH ONE ISAUNITOPERATION?
A. Air compressor
B. Pre-filters, oil filters, and after filters
C. PSA Systems
D. Wet and dry air receivers
All of them
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON METHODFOR
PRODUCINGINDUSTRIALGAS?A. Pleasure Swing Absorption (PSA)
B. Pressure Sonic Adsorption (PSA)
C. Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)
D. Pressure Shift Absorption (PSA)
Pressure swing adsorption
Who discovered nitrogen gas?
Daniel Rutherford
1773
Oxygen
