Long quiz 1 Flashcards
He suggested that chemical engineering education can be framed around the different types of unit operations found in industry
Arthur D. Little
Towards the end of the 19th century, which country was leading in terms of the chemical process industry?
Germany
Who delivered the first chemical engineering lecture in English?
George Edward Davis
What do you call the applications of transport phenomena
Unit Operations
Which of the following is excluded in the practice of chemical engineering profession?
a. chemical analysis and operation of chemical laboratory
b. designing equipment for the manufacture of a product
c. teaching professional chemical engineering subjects
d. preparation of feasibility studies
chemical analysis and operation of chemical laboratory
What is the Chemical Engineering Law?
RA 9297
When was synthetic fertilizer introduced?
Early 20th century
What specific subject makes chemical engineers distinct from other engineering disciplines?
a. transport phenomena
b. separation processes
c. unit operations
d. Reaction engineering
Transport phenomena
Who introduced the concept of unit processes?
P. H. Groggin
Which of the following is not considered commodity chemical?
a. detergent
b. sodium hydroxide
c. sulfuric acid
d. ethyl benzene
detergent
Which of the following are usually produced in batch process?
fine chemicals
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Fine chemicals are mass produced to meet global demand
b. Specialty chemicals are blends of one or more fine chemicals that produce mixture with a specific function
c. Specialty chemicals are pure, single chemicals produced in continuous process
d. Commodity chemicals are usually produced in batch process
Specialty chemicals are blends of one or more fine chemicals that produce a mixture with a specific function
It is a man-made fiber that is used in the textile industry
rayon
Which of the following is specialty chemical?
a. catalyst
b. aniline
c. polymers
d. steroids
catalyst
Which of the following is a fine chemical
a. proteins
b. ammonia
c. livestock feed additives
d. chlorobenzene
Livestock feed additives
The following can be produced by addition polymerization, EXCEPT:
a. polyethylene
b. polyurethane
c. polyvinyl chloride
d. propylene
polyurethane
It is the transfer of heat between two bodies by currents of moving gas or fluid
convection
It is the formation of solid by cooling a saturated solution
crystallization
Which of the following is a mechanical unit operation?
Size reduction
Which of the following is an example of diffusional separation?
a. sedimentation
b. absorption
c. centrifugation
d. filtration
absorption
It is a thermal decomposition process where the substance is heated at high temperature but below its melting point
Calcination
It is a separtion of the components of a liquid that is based on the difference in volatility of the component
Distillation
It is the process of transferring a component of a solid to a solvent
Leaching
Which of the following gas is produced during ethanol fermentation
carbon dioxide
The process of filtering polluted water under pressure is an example of
a. dialysis
b. reverse osmosis
c. ultrafiltration
d. osmosis
Reverse osmosis
If 100g of Na2SO4 is dissolved in 200g of h2o and the solution is cooled until 100g of Na2SO4(10H2O) crystallized out, find
what is the composition of the mother liquor?
27.95% Na2SO4
How many grams of crystals are recovered per 100 grams of initial solution?
33.33g
A 100kg cellulose solution contains 5.2% cellulose by weight in water. This is diluted with a 1.2% solution to produce a 4.2% solution
How many kilograms of 1.2% solution are required
33.33kg
What is the weight of the 4.2% solution?
133.33 kg
A single effect evaporator is to concentrate 9.070 kg/h of 20% solution of sodium hydroxide to 50% solids.
How much water is evaporated?
5,442kg
A single effect evaporator is to concentrate 9.070 kg/h of 20% solution of sodium hydroxide to 50% solids.
What is the weight of the concentrated solution?
3,628 kg
A single effect evaporator is to concentrate 9.070 kg/h of 20% solution of sodium hydroxide to 50% solids.
How many kg of water is evaporated per 100 kg of feed solution?
60 kg/kg
A gas stream containing 3.0% A is passed through a packed column to remove 99% of A by absorption with water. The gas and liquid rates are 20 mol/h, respectively
What is the %A composition of the exit gas?
0.031%
A gas stream containing 3.0% A is passed through a packed column to remove 99% of A by absorption with water. The gas and liquid rates are 20 mol/h, respectively
What is the %A composition of the liquid leaving the absorber?
0.59%
Dry pyrite fines containing 82% FeS2 and 18% gangue are burned. The cinder produced contains 3.06% SO3 and no unburned FES2. Orsat analysis of the burner gas showed 8.15% SoO2. 8.46% O2, and 83.39% N2. Use as basis 100 moles of So3 free burner gas.
How many moles of FeS2, were burned to SO2?
4.075
Dry pyrite fines containing 82% FeS2 and 18% gangue are burned. The cinder produced contains 3.06% SO3 and no unburned FES2. Orsat analysis of the burner gas showed 8.15% SoO2. 8.46% O2, and 83.39% N2. Use as basis 100 moles of So3 free burner gas.
How many moles of oxygen were used to form SO3?
2.501
A stand-alone equipment used in the laboratory where process parameters can be adjusted to determine their effects on the system
Process scale
In which process flow chart is equipment symbol used?
PFD and PID
How are process equipment labeled?
first letter of the name of equipment and number
It is the simplest process flow diagram where equipment are represented by boxes
Block flow diagram
CPI means
Chemical Process Industry
The raw materials undergo chemical conversion during their processing into finished products as well as (or instead of) the physical conversions common to industry in general
Chemical process industry
The chemical process industry broadly include
- The traditional chemical industries, both organic and inorganic
- The petroleum industry
- The petrochemical industry, which produces the majority of plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubber from petroleum and natural-gas raw materials
- A series of allied industries in which chemical processing plays a substantial part
While chemical process industries are primarily the realm of the Chemical engineer and chemist they also involve a wide range of
scientific, engineering, and economic specialists
The beginning of chemical engineering profession was driven by the industrial revolution in
1800s
One of the first chemical being mass produced through industrial process due to its high demand
Sulfuric acid
Industrialist to spent a lot of _______ to improve their processes
time, money, and effort
An alkali inspector from the “Midland” region of England molded his knowledge into a series of 12 LECTURES on chemical engineering, which he presented at the MANCHESTER TECHNICAL SCHOOL
George Davis
On _____ georg davis and the chemical engineering course was organized around individual chemical operations, later to be called “UNIT OPERATIONS”. Davis explored these operations empirically and presented operating practices employed by the British chemical industry
1887
Chemical engineering profession began in
1888
1888 when professor ______ of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) initiated the first four year bachelor program in chemical engineering entitled ______
- Professor Lewis M. Norton
- Course X
Soon other colleges such as the _______-followed MIT’s lead in 1892 and1894 respectively
- University of Pennsylvania
- Tulane University
What is the QS world university ranking of MIT
rank 1
Name the Rank 1-5 of QS world ranking
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- Imperial college london
- University of oxford
- Harvard university
- university of cambridge
He organize a review of 77 chemical engineering programs, and produced a report in _____ that helped shape and change the chemical engineering curriculum forever
- Arthur D. Little
- 1922
____ is the profession in which a knowledge of mathematics, chemistry, and other natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgement to develop economic ways of using materials and energy for the benefit of mankind
AlChE Constitution
Arthur D. Little not only unit operations, but describing and designing each unit using
Kinetics, thermodynamics, and transport phenomena
The chemical engineering in MIT
_______ leads to the Bachelor of Science in Chemical engineering through a curriculum that prepares the graduate for a wide range of career pursuits.
Course 10
Application of basic sciences and engineering principles to the development, design, operation & maintenance of processes
to convert raw materials to useful products and improve human environment
The chemical engineering in MIT
_______ leads to the Bachelor of Science in Chemical-Biological Engineering, which includes the basic engineering core from the course 10 degree and adds material in basic and applied biology
Course 10-B
The chemical engineering in MIT
_______ leads to Bachelor of Science in Engineering, a more flexible curriculum that supplements a chemical engineering foundation with an area of technical specialization
Course 10-ENG
The chemical engineering in MIT
_______ leads to the Bachelor of Science without specification; this non-accredited degree requires fewer chemical engineering subjects
Course 10-C
In ____, UST opened a four-years BS engineering program in ChE
1934
It has been offered by De La Salle University continuously since it was established in _____ along with three other traditional engineering, in line with the government’s drive towards economic and industrial development of the philippines
1947
___ is not a composite of chemistry and mechanical and civil engineering but a science of itself, the basis of which is those ______ which in their proper sequence and coordination constitute a chemical process as conducted on the industrial scale
- Chemical engineering
- Unit operations
________ are series of separate and distinct steps that makes up the processes involved in the production of goods
Unit operations
Unit operations involve the _____ of the products obtained during various conversion processes
physical separation
These ______ repeatedly found their way into industrial practice, and became a convenient manner of organizing chemical engineering knowledge
unit operations
Unit process involves principle _______ leading to synthesis of various useful product and provide basic information regarding the reaction temperature and pressure, extent of chemical conversions and yield of product of reaction nature of reaction whether endothermic or exothermic, type of catalyst used
chemical conversions
The knowledge gained concerning a ____ governing one set of materials can easily be applied to others
unit operation
_____ involves the introduction of one or more groups into reacting molecules using various nitrating agents like ____
- Nitration
- fuming, concentrated, aqueous nitric acid mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid in batch or continuous process, production of TNT, Nitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, nitroacetanilide, alpha, nitronaphthalene, nitroparaffins
About ____, P.H Groggins suggested a somewhat similar approach to classifying chemical operations as “unit processes”
1930
This concept has not proved as useful as the unit operations idea nor have its concepts been reduced to mathematical procedures
Unit processes
____ shall mean the ___ chemical change which is involved in the manufacture of industrial or consumer products or the treatment of industrial or chemical wastes
- Unit process
- Chemical change
_____ shall mean the _____ by which a desired step in an industrial process is conducted or controlled. This includes, but is not limited to: storage of gases, liquids, solids, heat transfer, evaporation; mass transfer, i.e. distillation, absorption, adsorptiion, drying, humidification, extraction, leaching, mixing and dispersion, separation, filtration, screening, molecular sieving and coalescing
1.Unit operations
2. Physical operaetion
Unit processes and Unit Operations are from
Ra #9297 (The chemical engineering law)
Are mixtures of glycerides of various fatty acids
Fats and oils
Fats are composed of fatty acids with
Higher melting point
Oils are composed of fatty acids with
Lower melting point
Coconut oil melting point
30 degrees
Mostly composed of triglycerides (>99%)
Refined vegetable oil
Ester of 3 fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule
Tryglycerides
Almost entirely straight than aliphatic carboxylic acid
Fatty acids
DHA means
Docosahexaenoic acid
The properties of oil depend on
Fatty acids
Which fats or oil is good? Saturated or unsaturated
Unsaturated
Almost entirely straight chain aliphatic carboxylic acids
Fatty acids
Too much fats can lead to
Cholesterol
The hydrocarbon chain does not contain any double bond
Saturated fatty acids
The hydrocarbon chain does not contain or more double bond
Unsaturated
What are saturated fatty acids
What are saturated fatty acids
Butyric, caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, ———
Solid ones are more of
Saturated fatty acids
The more unsaturated acids gives esters with lower melting point
Linotenic, Linoteic, Oleic, Stearic
Triglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatides, moisture, waxes, oxidation, products, color pigments tocopherols, sterols
Crude vegetable oil
Triglyceried, traces of free fatty acids, (FFA) <0.3%
Rbd oil
Triglyceried, traces of free fatty acids, (FFA) <0.3%
Rbd oil
Solvent extraction
Non-polar solvent [hydrocarbons, alkanes], basket conveyor containing pulp is mixed countercurrently with solvent (hexane)
Combination of three different effects on the oil
1. Stripping
2. Actual ___
3. Temperature effect
Deodorization
Color bodies in the oil are absorbed on the surface of the bleaching clay and activated carbon particles
Bleaching
Name physical refining operations
Degumming, bleaching, and deodorizatio
Activated clay for bleaching
Carotenoid pigments
Activated clay for bleaching
Carotenoid pigments
All terms used to denote certain clay minerals that can be used in their natural or acid-activated states to clarify and reduce color intensity of fats and oils
Bleaching clay, bleaching earth, and fuller’s earth
More rendering systems rely on heat to release fat from the cells of the fatty issues. In either the absence (dry rendering) or presence (wet rendering) of added water
Animal fats
____ was established in 1987 and has since grown to become the leading manufacture of specialty food oils and ingredients in the Philpines
Oleo Fats
A simple lipid which is an ester of a long-chain alcohol and a fatty acid. THE ALCOHOL MAY CONTAIN 12-32 CARBON ATOMS
Wax
Extracted by boiling in water or using solvent
Beeswax
Used in candle waxing
Beeswax
-chilling and settling
-used as lubricants and base for ointments
Spermaceti wax
- wax from carnauba palm
- used as constituent of floor, automobile, and furniture
Carnauba wax
Naoh _______ salts + additives
Saponification
Soaps are ____ contaiing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms
Water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids
Primary routes of soap making
Triglyceride and fatty acids
Defined ads the number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids and saporify the esters in 1g of the test substance
Saponificaiton value (SV)
Mixed in stoichiometric ratio with the fats
Alkali
Inorganic…..[BWISET]
Builders
Neutralize excess base, super-fatting of soap to increase amount ot lather and creaminess
Free fatty acids
To support skin-mildness claimes based on its known humentancy or promote bar
Glycerol
Target specific marketi, mask fatty acids
Perfume
In soap making we need to identify if it is
Exothermic or endothermic
The saponification of triglycerids with an alaklai is a bimolecular nucleophjilic
SN2
The saponification of triglycerids with an alaklai is a bimolecular nucleophjilic
SN2
The rate of reaction depends on the
Reaction
Volatile aromatic liquid constituting the odorous compounds of botanical matter
Essential Oil
What are the process of production of essential oil
Drying - Extraction of Oil (Distillation) - Condensation (steam + oil) - Separator (Skimming off oil layer) - Packaging
The most common method of essential oil production, involves the flow of steam into a chamber holding the raw plant material
Steam distillation
The steam distillation causes small sacs containing essential oil to __—
Burst
Other methods of extracting essential oil
Expression, Solvent extraction
A cold pressed method of extraction, which is mostly used in the extraction of citrus essential oils
Expression
Solvents are used to coax the essential oils out of the botanical material, and various ways are also employed
Solvent extraction
Petroleum ether, methanol, ethanol or hexane are solvents that can be _____
Extracted
Extractor such as ______ are used to get higher yields
Soxhlet
Soaking with solvent
Maceration
Glass plates in a frame (called chassis) are covered with highly purified and odorless vegetable or animal fat and the petals of the botanical matter that are being extracted are spread across it and pressed in for a few days until the fat is saturated
Enfleurage
Two types of solvent extraction
- Maceration
- Enfleurage
Both methods involve the use of carbon dioxide as the solvent which carries the essential oils away from the raw plant material
Carbon dioxide and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction are the latest technologies in distilling essential oils at low temperature
It is also known as citral A and is an E-isomer of citral.
Geranial
A pair or a combination of terpenoid which goes by the name lemonal or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6,-octadienal.
Citral
Also known as citral B is an isomer of citral or lemonal, which is mixture of terpenoids
Neral
An enal that is 3,7-dimethyloctanal with unsaturation position C-2 and C-6. It has been isolated from the essential oilds of plate species like lemon
Neral
A widespread plant natural product. It is a naturally occurring bicyclic sesquiterpene that is seen as a major composition of many essential oils
Caryophyllene or beta-caryophyllene
A microbial process controlled by humans to produce a useful product
Fermentation
The breaking down of carbohydrates into simpler substances with the use of microorganisms
Fermentation
Is the breaking down of carbohydrates into simpler substances with the use of microorganisms
Fermentation
The most common example of which is the breaking down of sugars and starches into alcohols by enzymes in yeast
Fermentation
Products
I. Foods and foods related
- fermented meat, chesses, and milk products
- mushrooms, baker’s yeast, coffee, pickles, single
- cell-proteins, vinegar, amino acids, vitamins
Industrial Microbiology
Yeast for biomass production
Under aerobic condition
It is used to produce yeast under aerobic condition
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
It is used to produce yeast under aerobic condition
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
This concerns the principles that determines the flow or transportation of any fluid from one point to another
Fluid flow
This concerns the principles that determines the flow or transportation of any fluid from one point to another
Fluid flow
This process involves the removal of a componenent from a gas stream by treatment with liquid
Absorption
This process involves the removal of a componenent from a gas stream by treatment with liquid
Absorption
This process involves the operation of a solute from a fluid by diffusion of this solute from a liquid or gas through a semipermeable membrane barrier to another fluid
Membrane separation
This process involves the operation of a solute from a fluid by diffusion of this solute from a liquid or gas through a semipermeable membrane barrier to another fluid
Membrane separation
I
This entails the removal of a solute such as a salt from a solution by precipitating the solute from the solution
Crystallization
This entails the removal of a solute such as a salt from a solution by precipitating the solute from the solution
Crystallization
Involves introduction of one or more halogen groups into a organic compound
Halogenation
Involves introduction of one or more halogen groups into a organic compound
Halogenation
In general, chemical processes are ______, and chemical engineers in industry encounter a variety of
COMPLEX
In general, chemical processes are ______, and chemical engineers in industry encounter a variety of
COMPLEX
Least amount of detail
Blow flow diagram
Among the professional organizations of chemical engineering, which of the ff is the first one to be established
Society of Chemical Industry
The person considered as the first chemical engineer is
Felix espino
The term process systems engineering is coined by
T. J. Williams
The development of the Solvay process is in what period of chemical engineering history
Formative period
The “Outlines of Industrial Chemistry” is written by
Frank Thorpe
By 2021, how many Scopus-indexed papers are “associated” with chemical engineering
Between 4 to 7 million
The father of process systems engineering is
Roger Sargeant
The father of chemical engineering, who develops the 12 lectures on chemical engineering is
George Davis
A discipline concerned with the approach of analyzing the system as a whole rather than its individual components
Process Integration
The term used to define a piece of technology that performs physical changes to a material is called
Unit operation
The author of “Unit processes in organic synthesis” is
P. H Groggins
These unit operation includes pumps, fans, and blowers
Fluid transport
True or false: Full recycling is possible in systems with inert materials
fALSE
Which of the following unit operations involves flash equilibrium between vapor and liquid
Distillation
Which of the following is true about process engineering?
a. It involves minimizing utilities used given the same product demand
b. The focus is more on the improvement od the process
C. It involves ways to reduce raw material consumption
All of these
What are the objective of the chemical process industry?
1.Develop process that are producing valuable products
2. Develop process that are more efficient
A unit operation that involves the solubility of a solid particles and the operation is initiated by seed materials
crystallization
The aspect of the onion model for process design is about the recovery of desired product
Separation and recycling
The unit operation that liquefies granular material for purposes like adsorption is called
Fluidization
The term in chemical engineering that refers to the development of a smaller and/or more efficient process is called
Process intensification
The driving force for momentum transfer is
Velocity gradient
As a utility, saturated steam is used to heat a particular material stream in the process. if the temperature of the steam does not change during heat exchange, then the heat transferred between the steam and the material stream is
a. none of these
b. sensible heat
c. heat of reaction
d. latent heat
latent heat
The measurement of heat needed to change the phase of a substance is called
Latent heat
The heat of reaction in a given process depends on which of the ff factors?
extent of reaction and kinetics of the reaction
The measurement of heat needed to raise a given amount of substance by 1 degree is called
Heat Capacity
The reference temperature for measuring the heat of reaction, at least in procche is
298K
The 6/10ths rule for equipment cost estimation is based on the approximate ratio between
a. surface area to length of the equipment
b. none of these
c. volume to surface area of the equipment
d. surface area to volume of the equipment
surface area to volume of the equipment
Suppose that the price of an equipment is linearized in such a way that the error is minimized at a certain point. The variable cost is equal to
The slope of the tangent line at that point
Suppose that the price of an equipment is linearized in such a way that the error is minimized at a certain point. The fixed cost is equal to
the y-intercept of the line tangent to that point
the slope of the tangent line at that point
the slope of the line passing through the origin and that point
zero
The y-intercept of the line tangent to that point
The price of an equipment is typically scaled up using ___ rule
6/10ths
The annualizing factor of an equipment is based on the following except
a. service life of the equipment
b. none of these
c. annual interest rate
d. both of these
none of these
Which of the following is not included in a process flow diagram
a. none of these
b. equipment used
c. material and energy stream
d. pipe size
pipe size
The representation of chemical processes’ input and output structure can be made using the following diagram except
a. PFD
b. Piping and instrumentation diagram
c. decision tree
d. block flow diagram
decision tree
True or false: Equipment prices as bought can be subtracted directly from the revenue generated to find the profit
false
According to the latest ITTF rankings, as of march 16, 2021, the rank #1 in senior men’s singles is
Fan Zhendong
He states that chemical engineering “is not a mechanical engineer nor an electrical engineer but uses the principle of both profession”?
Palmer
The limitation at which the energy cannot be converted to usable form completely is called
Thermodynamic
What field of chemical engineering provides the “scientific glue” in chemical engineering
Process systems engineering
The period at which the concepts related to, but does not directly applied to, industrial chemical engineering were developed is called
Waiting period
The limitation at which the use of natural resources is constrained is called
Environmental
By 2021, how many scopus-indexed papers are associated with chemical engineering?
between 4 to 7 million
The collective term for the sector that involves the production of products to satisfy our basic needs and to improve the quality of life is called
Chemical process industry
The unit process that involves the breaking down of materials using substantial amount of heat and without oxygen is called
pyrolysis
Which of the following is not an objective of the chemical process industry
develop process with more economic burden
Which of the following is true about the product engineering
a. it involved reformulation of product output based on market preference
b. it focuses on product quality
c. none of these
d. all of these
All of these
The driving force for heat transfer is
Temperature gradient
The aspect of the onion model for process design is about the creation of the desired product
Reactor
The term used to define a piece of technology that changes a material by chemical reaction is called
unit process
The annualizing factor for an equipment with service life of 10 years at an annual interest rate of 5% is
between 0.10 and 0.15
