LQ4 Power Industry

Question 1

Static Electricity was
discovered by

Answer 1

Thales miletus

Question 2

He studied magnetism and electrostatic forces, coining the term electricity from the greek work elektron (amber)

Answer 2

William gilbert

Question 3

He built the first electrochemical battery, proving that electricity could be generated chemically and flow continuously

Answer 3

Alessandro volta

Question 4

He developed a direct current generator, laying the foundation for practical electric power systems

Answer 4

Thomas edison

Question 5

The first public electricity supply was generated using a

Answer 5

Water wheel

Question 6

He invented the steam turbine, significantly improving power generation efficiency

Answer 6

Charles Parsons

Question 7

He played a key role in developing one of the first large-scale hydroelectric powerplants

Answer 7

Nikola tesla

Question 8

The UK commissioned its first pressurized water reactor known as

Answer 8

Sizewell E

Question 9

What are the raw materials of fossil fuel energy

Answer 9

Coal, oil, natural gas

Question 10

Properties such as sulfur
content in coal, impurities in the
gas, peroxide value of oil dictate
their quality

Answer 10

Physical and chemical factors affecting fossil fuel

Question 11

The most common type, where coal is ground into a fine powder and
burned in a boiler to produce steam that drives a turbine.

Answer 11

Pulverized Coal Combustion

Question 12

Use a bed of hot particles suspended by air to burn coal at lower
temperatures, reducing emissions and increasing efficiency

Answer 12

Fluidized bed combustion power plant

Question 13

Generate both electricity and useful heat for industrial processes,
improving overall energy efficiency.

Answer 13

Cogeneration coal plants

Question 14

Classified based on the steam pressure and temperature used, with
ultra-supercritical plants being the most efficient and producing
fewer emissions.

Answer 14

Subcritical, supercritical, and ultra-supercritical plants

Question 15

Pulverized coal enters the boiler
unit and combusts to produce
enough heat to convert water into
steam

Answer 15

Boiler

Question 16

High pressure steam produced from
the boiler is directed towards a
steam turbine, which will then
power a connecting electrical
generator

Answer 16

Steam turbine

Question 17

The steam turbines are connected
to the generator rotor, which
rotates at 3,000 revolutions per
minute.

Answer 17

Generator

Question 18

The condenser is used to recycle
the steam used in the turbine
back to the boiler

Answer 18

Condenser

Question 19

generate electricity by burning
natural gas to drive gas turbines connected to generators. This
process involves mixing natural gas with air, combusting the
mixture, and using the resulting high-pressure gases to spin
the turbine, which in turn spins a magnet within the generator
to produce electricity.

Answer 19

Natural Gas

Question 20

These are natural gas plants that
have gas turbines connected to
the generator
Can be activated and deactivated
faster to account for the fluctuating
electrical needs of society. This is
referred to as “Peaking Power

Answer 20

Simple cycle gas plants

Question 21

Comprised of an external combustion
engine using a Rankine cycle
together with a simple cycle plant
More efficient than simple cycle gas
plants due to having the capacity to
utilize exhaust gases to power
another turbine and generate more
electricity

Answer 21

Combined cycle gas plants

Question 22

Responsible for
injecting
pressurized air
and cooling hot
areas

Answer 22

Air compressor

Question 23

This is where
the natural gas
and pressurized
air are mixed,
resulting in
combustion

Answer 23

Combustion chamber

Question 24

Gases from the combustion
chambers expand in the
gas turbine and go
through three to four
expansion stages. At the
inlet, temperatures of
the gases are at 1,400ºC
whereas upon leaving they
are above 600ºC

Answer 24

Gas turbine

Question 25

The exhaust heat from the gas turbines are directed to the recovery boiler. The water in the recovery boiler’s pipes are heated as the exhaust heat passes through and is turned to steam

Answer 25

Recovery boiler

Question 26

The resulting steam from the recovery boiler goes on to power the steam turbine and consequently powering a generator to produce electricity.

Answer 26

Steam

Question 27

Air is compressed using a compressor, increasing its pressure before combustion.

Answer 27

Air compressor

Question 28

Steam is cooled and condensed back into liquid water

Answer 28

Condensation

Question 29

Exhaust gases from the gas turbine pass through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) to produce steam.

Answer 29

Heat recovery

Question 30

Steam exiting the turbine is cooled in a condenser and converted back into water for reuse in the HRSG.

Answer 30

Condensation and water recycling

Question 31

Compressed air is mixed with natural gas (or another fuel) and burned in the combustion chamber, generating high- temperature, high-pressure gases.

Answer 31

Fuel injection and combustion

Question 32

a clean fuel alternative where it is consumed via a fuel cell and produces only heat and water

Answer 32

Hydrogen

Question 33

It can be produced from various resources; fossil fuels, nuclear power, biomass, solar, wind, geothermal, and hydropower

Answer 33

Hydrogen fuel

Question 34

Hydrogen has the characteristic of an ______, allowing it to store, move, and deliver energy from other sources

Answer 34

Energy carrier

Question 35

Raw materials of hydrogen fuel are

Answer 35

Fossil fuel, biomass, water

Question 36

Natural gas, steam, and recycled H2 are fed into the steam reformer to produce hot syngas

Answer 36

Steam reformer of hydrofuel

Question 37

This unit is responsible for heating the steam to the necessary temperature to breakdown the natural gas and water

Answer 37

Steam superheater

Question 38

Exothermic reaction occurs in this unit to produce additional H2. Any surplus heat leaving the unit will be used to preheat the Boiled Feed Water

Answer 38

High temperature shift converter of hydrogen fuel

Question 39

removes more carbon monoxide (CO) by reacting it with steam to produce extra hydrogen at a lower temperature

Answer 39

Low temperature shift converter of hydrogen fuel

Question 40

separates and purifies hydrogen by removing unwanted CO2 and CO gases using the change in pressure.

Answer 40

Pressure swing adsorption unit of hydrogen fuel

Question 41

key process for large-scale hydrogen production. Uses natural gas (methane) and water to produce hydrogen and CO₂ through two chemical reactions. Hydrogen is then purified to meet customer specifications. Most common and cost-effective method for making hydrogen

Answer 41

Steam methane reforming

Question 42

converts hydrocarbons and limited oxygen into syngas The reaction is exothermic, producing mostly CO instead of CO2 due to low oxygen levels. CO can undergo a water-gas shift to generate more hydrogen. Thermal POX (TPOX): High temperature (>2200°F), used for high-sulfur feedstocks. Catalytic POX (CPOX): Lower temperature (1475-1650°F), energy-efficient, requires low-sulfur feedstocks.

Answer 42

Partial oxidation

Question 43

Occurs at a high temperature range of 500°–2,000°C. Water is the only chemical consumed as the other involved chemicals are reused during each cycle. Used in solar and nuclear driven processes to produce hydrogen while emitting near zero greenhouse gases.

Answer 43

Thermochemical water splitting

Question 44

A thermal process that utilizes biomass or coal as raw materials to produce hydrogen without undergoing combustion reactions. The temperatures throughout the process reach up to 1000 °C. Biomass does not gasify as easily and produces other hydrocarbon compounds in the gas mixture so, they need to be reformed to yield a clean syngas mixture (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide).

Answer 44

Thermolysis/gastification

Question 45

Produces carbon-free hydrogen using electricity to split water into H2 and O2 The process occurs in an electrolyzer - varies in size from small units to large facilities Large-scale electrolyzers can be pwoered by renewable or nuclear energy for sustainable H2 production

Answer 45

Electrolysis

Question 46

Uses heat to reduce the electricity needed for splitting H2O It is based on high-temperature fuel cell technology - more efficient than low-temperature electrolysis Can use geothermal, solar, or natural gas for heat to lower electricity consumption.

Answer 46

High temperature electrolysis

Question 47

Also known as Solar Water Splitting Uses light energy to produce H2 and O2 from water Has long-term potential for clean H2 production Offers a low environmental impact compared to other methods

Answer 47

Photolysis

Question 48

Uses sunlight, algae, and cyanobacteria to generate hydrogen Cyanobacteria performs photosynthesis, producing hydrogen with oxygen-tolerant enzymes Genetic engineering can enhance hydrogen yield by optimizing metabolic pathways

Answer 48

Photobiological

Question 49

Fermentation-based production uses microorganisms to break down organic matter such as biomass or wastewater Dark fermentation - does not require light and microbes directly produce hydrogen through the pathways Microbial Electrolysis Cells - use microbes and small electric current to enhance H2 production

Answer 49

Bacterial fermentation