Long Quiz 2 Flashcards
_______ produces a gasoline with higher octane number than one produced by thermal reforming
Catalytic cracking
A type of gasoline treatment used to remove traces of asphaltic materials to improve color and stability
Clay treatment
Petroleum refining involves fractional distillation. Which physical property allows the different fractions to be separated?
Boiling point
These are the fossil fuel
Petroleum, natural gas, coal
Not a fossil fuel
Ethanol
Aromatics have the highest _____ of all the ….. [rewrite]
Octane number
Pressure and temperature maintained in catalytic cracking is about….
20 atm & 500 degrees celsius
It is a secondary raw material produced from propylene
Acrylic acid
Nylon can be produced from
Toluene
List down primary petrochemicals
Butadiene, ethylene, benzene
List down compounds that is produced from ethylene
Antifreeze, ethanol, vinyl chloride
Ethylene can be produced from ethane by _____
Steam cracking
Chemical plants produce olefins by steam cracking of natural gas liquids like ethane and propane
True
List down all the petrochemical
Propylene, ethylene, benzene
These are the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining
Petrochemicals
This is the material obtained from petroleum that can be in preparation of acetic acid
Ethylene
This factor affect polymer flexibility and viscosity
Temperature
It is the catalyst used in addition polymerization
Ziegler Natta Catalyst
In a linear polymer, the monomeric units are linked together to form long straight chains. The cross linked or branched chain polymers compared to linear polymers have higher
Hardness, rigidity & brittleness
In addition polymer, monomer used is
Unsaturated compounds
It is the main component of pulp
Cellulose
The cooking liquor used to produce pulp from wood is used to
Break the lignin
The sulfite process produces white pulp
True
In the kraft pulping process the black liquor is …[continue]
At lower temperature
Fine paper are produced from
Heavily bleached pulp
The purpose of causticizing in the recycling of black liquor is to
Recover the sodium hydroxide
The pulp bleaching process
Removes the aromatics from lignin responsible for the brown color
The green liquor produced in the recycling of black liquor is composed of
Aqueous sodium carbonate
The fresh pulping liquor for the kraft process is
White liquor
In the fractional distillation of crude oil, which of these fractions would be the last to condense?
A. Lubricating oil
B. Diesel oil
C. Petrol
D. Kerosene
Petrol
The main process that enables the diversity of products from crude oil is
distillation
____ is a mixture of hydrocarbons and some aromatics with some impurities
Crude oil
The product that is the heaviest in terms of hydrocarbon chain
Asphalt
The process where impurities are removed by the use of hydrogen is called
hydrotreating
These are the mode of petroleum cracking
Steam, catalytic, therma
A stage where petroleum refining is involved with purifying components obtained from petroleum separation stage?
conversion stage
When a crude oil or a petroleum product is said to be “sour” it means that
It contains high amounts of sulfur
Large-scale petroleum refineries started around
1850 to 1900
The component of petroleum with structure that consists of double-bonded hydrocarbon chains is called
olefins
Generation of crude can be accomplished by
Extracting it underground
In a petroleum separation column, the short chain hydrocarbons are obtained at the ___ due to its low boiling point
top
In a petroleum separation column, the long chain hydrocarbons are obtained at the ____ due to its high boiling point
bottom
The stage in petrochemical and petroleum refining industry involving the processing of industry-grade material to an upgraded industry material is called
The petrochemical industry involves
more on downstream than upstream processing
The stage in petrochemical and petroleum refining industry where processing of material happens to form products for consumer is called
Downstream
The formation of benzene, toluene, and xylene from straight-chain hydrocarbon is possible through which process?
reforming
The industry that involves products from petroleum which are used other than for energy purposes is called
Petrochemical industry
The removal of salt from raw materials in petroleum refining or petrochemical industry is done to
prevent damage to the processing equipment
In the production of benzene, toluene and xylene using straight-chain hydrocarbons, hydrogen is _____ in the process
Mainly produced
The process where the resin is melted, put into a mold and introduce air to take the shape of the mold is called
blow molding
This polymer is mainly produced by condensation polymerization
polyethylene terephthalate
Monomer-polymer pair is mismatched
Vinyl carbonate - PVC
It is the lightest monomer
1 mol ethylene
It refers to highly branched polyethylene chain
LDPE
The first fully synthetic plastic is called _____. This is formed by using phenol
Bakelite
The common way of producing polyethylene from ethylene monomer is by
Addition polymerization
The step in polymerization where the polymer chain continuous to grow is
Propagation
The most environmental concern in paoer industry that can be solved through innovative technology
High water footprint
Which of the following process or operation in paper and pulp industry is not a physical operation
bleaching
A component in wood that is recovered for pulp making process
cellulose
The petroleum industry started and originated in which country?
USA
The component of petroleum with structure that only consists of single-bonded hydrocarbon chain is called
paraffins
The process at which straight-chain hydrocarbons are converted to mainly cycloalkenes such as benzene is called
reforming
It has the most carbon molecules
xylene
The removal of some atoms such as hydrogen to connect monomers to form polymers is called
condensation polymerization
Mainly produced by condensation polymerization
Polyethylene terephthalate
John wesly hyatt invented the process for producing ____ as a substitute for ivory billiard balls
celluloid
The common way of producing polyethylene from ethylene monomer is by
addition polymerization
The process where the resin is melted and shaped between two metal molds is called
Compression molding
What do you call the process of converting wood fiber into wood pulp for paper making with sodium sulfide
Kraft process
Best describes the effect of covid-19 pandemic in paper industry
Decrease in demand for white paper as office supply
The first commercial oil well was drilled in
Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859
thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking products are
gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, feedstock for petrochemical industries
An act to direct the use of biofuels,
establishing for this purpose the biofuel program, appropriating funds
therefor, and for other purposes.
Biofuel act of 2006 [RA 9637]
An act promoting the
development, utilization and commercialization of renewable energy
resources and for other purposes.
Renewable energy act of 2008 [RA 9513]
lays down the foundation for
developing the country’s renewable energy resources, stimulating
investments in the RE sector, developing technologies, and providing
the impetus for national and local renewable energy planning that will
help identify the most feasible and least-cost renewable energy
development options.
National renewable energy program
A mixture of hydrocarbons, organic and inorganic compounds, and metals
Crude oil
Oil deposits are found in
Sedimentary rocks in the Earth’s crust
Sulfur deactivates catalysts, corrodes equipment, and is harmful to the
environment. Hence,
lower sulfur content is ideal
