powerpoint chapter 2

Question 1

three groups in the chrodates

Answer 1

cephalochordates
urochordates
vertebrates

Question 2

why do chordates fossilize poorly

Answer 2

no hard substance to fossilize or leave behind

Question 3

chordates have ..three things

Answer 3

a coelom
bilateral symmetry
deuterostomes

Question 4

early chordates were found when

Answer 4

530 mya during the Cambrian Explosion

Question 5

in development when the blastopore becomes the anus

Answer 5

deuterostome

Question 6

in development when the blastopore becomes the mouth

Answer 6

protostome

Question 7

At some point in their life all chordates have these 5 things

Answer 7

notochord
pharyngeal slits
endostyle or thyroid gland 
dorsal hollow nerve cord 
post anal tail

Question 8

stiff flexing rod that is dorsal to the coelom/ventral to nerve cord
cells and fluid are in a fibrous sheath

Answer 8

notochord

Question 9

“jelly” on the inside of the intervertebral disks is the only thing left of the notochord in vertebrates when adults

Answer 9

nucleus pulposus

Question 10

post oral space in the digestive tract

Answer 10

pharynx

Question 11

openings on sides of pharynx for feeding function

Answer 11

slits

Question 12

groove in the pharynx floor which functions in filter feeding and found in cephalochrodates, urochordates and larval lamprey

Answer 12

endostyle

Question 13

forms off the floor of the pharynx and produces 2 major hormones for metabolism and found in vertebrates and adult lamprey

Answer 13

thyroid gland

Question 14

forms from embryonic ectoderm

Answer 14

dorsal hollow nerve cord

Question 15

the fluid filled space of the dorsal hollow nerve cord

Answer 15

neurocoel

Question 16

posterior extension of body beyond anus which is made of segmented muscle/bone and notochord

Answer 16

post anal tail

Question 17

segmented blocks of muscle

Answer 17

myomeres

Question 18

called “first” chordates but not a true taxon

Answer 18

protochordates

Question 19

four general characteristics of connective tissue

Answer 19

not usually on surfaces
most have nerves
vascularization varies
all derive from mesenchyme of embryo

Question 20

ground substance and fibers makes up the

Answer 20

matrix

Question 21

functions of connective tissue

Answer 21

binding/support
protection
insulation
transport

Question 22

immature cell and matrix forming

Answer 22

blast

Question 23

mature cell and non secreting

Answer 23

cyte

Question 24

fiber secreting cell

Answer 24

fibroblast

Question 25

cartilage producing cell

Answer 25

chondroblast

Question 26

bone,calcium secreting cell

Answer 26

osteoblast

Question 27

three things found in the ground substance

Answer 27

interstitial fluid adhesion proteins proteoglycans

Question 28

binds cells and matrix

Answer 28

adhesion proteins

Question 29

protein and carbohydrate

Answer 29

proteoglycans

Question 30

three types of fibers

Answer 30

collagen elastic reticular

Question 31

strongest and most abundant fibers

Answer 31

collagen fibers

Question 32

stretch and recoil fibers found in lungs and blood vessels

Answer 32

elastic fibers

Question 33

branching networks of fibers found in soft organs such as the spleen

Answer 33

reticular fibers

Question 34

loose and dense connective tissue

Answer 34

connective tissue proper

Question 35

loosely packed fibers, with relatively many cells

Answer 35

loose connective tissue

Question 36

all three types of fibers are present most widely distributed type of connective tissue well vascularized binds tissues together fluid reservoir, defense, nutrient storage

Answer 36

areolar connective tissue

Question 37

what type of cells make areolar connective tissue

Answer 37

fibrocytes

Question 38

little matrix highly vascularized in subcutaneous tissue for insulation and shock absorb

Answer 38

adipose tissue

Question 39

what cells make adipose tissue

Answer 39

adipocytes

Question 40

only one fiber found and fibroblasts are the cells found there.

Answer 40

reticular connective tissue

Question 41

fibers densely packed with relatively few cells

Answer 41

dense connective tissue

Question 42

``` collagen fibers in bundles bundles backed in the same direction high tensile strength poorly vascularized in tendons and ligaments ```

Answer 42

dense regular

Question 43

collagen bundles arranged in different planes strength in multiple directions in the dermis under the skin

Answer 43

dense irregular

Question 44

contains collagen and elastic fibers some recoil and stretch, but strong in walls of large blood vessels

Answer 44

elastic connective tissue

Question 45

6 characteristics of cartilage

Answer 45

``` strong but some flexibility avascular limited mitotic capacity not innervated GAGs in ground substance fluid in matrix ```

Question 46

what is a GAG

Answer 46

glycosaminoglycan

Question 47

little "tombs" that cells live in

Answer 47

lacunae

Question 48

what are the three types of cartilage

Answer 48

hyaline elastic fibrocartilage

Question 49

most abundant form amorphous matrix perichondrium

Answer 49

hyaline cartilage

Question 50

layer of stem cells that can produce more chondrocytes

Answer 50

perichondrium

Question 51

where are some examples of hyaline cartilage

Answer 51

end of long bones, nose tip, trachea rings

Question 52

elastic fibers in matrix | perichondrium

Answer 52

elastic cartilage

Question 53

where are some examples of elastic cartilage

Answer 53

epiglottis | pinna of ear

Question 54

collagen fibers in matrix strongest lacks perichondrium

Answer 54

fibrocartilage

Question 55

where are some examples of fibrocartilage

Answer 55

intervertebral discs, knee menisci

Question 56

high strength and supports the body | is well vascularized

Answer 56

bone

Question 57

matrix of bone

Answer 57

collagen fibers and mineral salts

Question 58

unusual connective tissue which transports lots of stuff

Answer 58

blood

Question 59

what is considered the tissue in the blood

Answer 59

the blood cells and the plasma