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Anatomy > powerpoint chapter 2 > Flashcards

powerpoint chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

three groups in the chrodates

A

cephalochordates
urochordates
vertebrates

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2
Q

why do chordates fossilize poorly

A

no hard substance to fossilize or leave behind

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3
Q

chordates have ..three things

A

a coelom
bilateral symmetry
deuterostomes

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4
Q

early chordates were found when

A

530 mya during the Cambrian Explosion

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5
Q

in development when the blastopore becomes the anus

A

deuterostome

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6
Q

in development when the blastopore becomes the mouth

A

protostome

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7
Q

At some point in their life all chordates have these 5 things

A 
notochord
pharyngeal slits
endostyle or thyroid gland 
dorsal hollow nerve cord 
post anal tail
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8
Q

stiff flexing rod that is dorsal to the coelom/ventral to nerve cord
cells and fluid are in a fibrous sheath

A

notochord

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9
Q

“jelly” on the inside of the intervertebral disks is the only thing left of the notochord in vertebrates when adults

A

nucleus pulposus

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10
Q

post oral space in the digestive tract

A

pharynx

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11
Q

openings on sides of pharynx for feeding function

A

slits

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12
Q

groove in the pharynx floor which functions in filter feeding and found in cephalochrodates, urochordates and larval lamprey

A

endostyle

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13
Q

forms off the floor of the pharynx and produces 2 major hormones for metabolism and found in vertebrates and adult lamprey

A

thyroid gland

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14
Q

forms from embryonic ectoderm

A

dorsal hollow nerve cord

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15
Q

the fluid filled space of the dorsal hollow nerve cord

A

neurocoel

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16
Q

posterior extension of body beyond anus which is made of segmented muscle/bone and notochord

A

post anal tail

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17
Q

segmented blocks of muscle

A

myomeres

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18
Q

called “first” chordates but not a true taxon

A

protochordates

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19
Q

four general characteristics of connective tissue

A

not usually on surfaces
most have nerves
vascularization varies
all derive from mesenchyme of embryo

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20
Q

ground substance and fibers makes up the

A

matrix

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21
Q

functions of connective tissue

A

binding/support
protection
insulation
transport

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22
Q

immature cell and matrix forming

A

blast

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23
Q

mature cell and non secreting

A

cyte

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24
Q

fiber secreting cell

A

fibroblast

25
Q

cartilage producing cell

A

chondroblast

26
Q

bone,calcium secreting cell

A

osteoblast

27
Q

three things found in the ground substance

A

interstitial fluid
adhesion proteins
proteoglycans

28
Q

binds cells and matrix

A

adhesion proteins

29
Q

protein and carbohydrate

A

proteoglycans

30
Q

three types of fibers

A

collagen
elastic
reticular

31
Q

strongest and most abundant fibers

A

collagen fibers

32
Q

stretch and recoil fibers found in lungs and blood vessels

A

elastic fibers

33
Q

branching networks of fibers found in soft organs such as the spleen

A

reticular fibers

34
Q

loose and dense connective tissue

A

connective tissue proper

35
Q

loosely packed fibers, with relatively many cells

A

loose connective tissue

36
Q

all three types of fibers are present
most widely distributed type of connective tissue
well vascularized
binds tissues together
fluid reservoir, defense, nutrient storage

A

areolar connective tissue

37
Q

what type of cells make areolar connective tissue

A

fibrocytes

38
Q

little matrix
highly vascularized
in subcutaneous tissue for insulation and shock absorb

A

adipose tissue

39
Q

what cells make adipose tissue

A

adipocytes

40
Q

only one fiber found and fibroblasts are the cells found there.

A

reticular connective tissue

41
Q

fibers densely packed with relatively few cells

A

dense connective tissue

42
Q 
collagen fibers in bundles
bundles backed in the same direction
high tensile strength
poorly vascularized
in tendons and ligaments
A

dense regular

43
Q

collagen bundles arranged in different planes
strength in multiple directions
in the dermis under the skin

A

dense irregular

44
Q

contains collagen and elastic fibers
some recoil and stretch, but strong
in walls of large blood vessels

A

elastic connective tissue

45
Q

6 characteristics of cartilage

A 
strong but some flexibility
avascular
limited mitotic capacity
not innervated
GAGs in ground substance
fluid in matrix
46
Q

what is a GAG

A

glycosaminoglycan

47
Q

little “tombs” that cells live in

A

lacunae

48
Q

what are the three types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

49
Q

most abundant form
amorphous matrix
perichondrium

A

hyaline cartilage

50
Q

layer of stem cells that can produce more chondrocytes

A

perichondrium

51
Q

where are some examples of hyaline cartilage

A

end of long bones, nose tip, trachea rings

52
Q

elastic fibers in matrix

perichondrium

A

elastic cartilage

53
Q

where are some examples of elastic cartilage

A

epiglottis

pinna of ear

54
Q

collagen fibers in matrix
strongest
lacks perichondrium

A

fibrocartilage

55
Q

where are some examples of fibrocartilage

A

intervertebral discs, knee menisci

56
Q

high strength and supports the body

is well vascularized

A

bone

57
Q

matrix of bone

A

collagen fibers and mineral salts

58
Q

unusual connective tissue which transports lots of stuff

A

blood

59
Q

what is considered the tissue in the blood

A

the blood cells and the plasma

Anatomy (18 decks)

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