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Anatomy > chapter 11-respiratory system > Flashcards

chapter 11-respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the respiratory/circulatory systems

A

deliver oxygen to cells and remove wastes

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2
Q

gas exchange occurs by

A

passive diffusion

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3
Q

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentraion

A

passive diffusion

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4
Q

three things needed for effective passive diffusion

A

increased surface area
decreased distance of diffusion
moist skin

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5
Q

move external medium in/out of organism for gas exchange

A

respiratory pump

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6
Q

delivery of oxygen to tissue, removal of carbon dioxide and other wastes

A

respiration

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7
Q

gas exchange between environment and blood

A

external respiration

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8
Q

gas exchange between blood and body tissues

A

internal respiration

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9
Q

moving medium across gas exchange surface

A

ventilation

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10
Q

cessation of ventilation

A

apnea

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11
Q

flow of water in fish

A

unidirectional flow into buccal cavity via mouth and over gills out gill openings

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12
Q

lung ventilation

A

bidirectional flow

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13
Q

water breathing structures

A

gills

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14
Q

associated with the pharyngeal slits and gill pouches

A

internal gills

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15
Q

internal gills are covered by this in sharks and this in bony fish

A

interbrachial septum

operculum

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16
Q

protrude from brachial region into environmental water

A

external gills

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17
Q

internal sacs filled with gas

A

gas bladder

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18
Q

gas bladder connected to the digestive tube

A

pneumatic duct

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19
Q

where does gas come from to get into gas bladder

A

blood

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20
Q

gas bladder functions

A

buoyancy and gas exchange

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21
Q

difference in location of swim bladder vs. lung

A

sb is dorsal to digestive tube

l is ventral to digestive tube

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22
Q

air breathing structures that are elastic

A

lungs

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23
Q

where to the lungs arise from

A

ectodermal outpocketing off pharynx

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24
Q

passages between lungs and outside air

A

non-exchange space

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25
Q

volume of air moved with each breath

A

tidal volume

26
Q

how is integument adapted for cutaneous respiration

A

thin, moist, and vascularized

27
Q

fish opens mouth while swimming forward

A

ram ventilation

28
Q

dual pump

A

buccal cavity and opercular pump

29
Q

phase 1 of buccal pump

A

suction phase
close mouth and operculum flap
compress buccal and opercular cavities
expand buccal cavity creating negative pressure
open mouth and water moves in
expand opercular cavity to get water to flow over gills

30
Q

phase 2 of buccal pump

A

force phase
close mouth and open operculum flap
use muscles to compress buccal cavity which increases pressure and water flower across gills into and out opercular cavity

31
Q

air in and out mix in mouth cavity

A

2 stroke buccal pump

32
Q

4 stroke buccal pump

A

first expansion air in lungs to mouth
first compression air out mouth
second expansion air from outside into mouth via nares
second compression this air to lungs

33
Q

4 main characteristics of aspiration pump

A

muscles of rib cage and diaphragm used
dibirectional flow
no buccal or mouth cavity involvement
separates feeding and ventilation

34
Q

lamprey larvae respiratory system

A

water in mouth and over gills, one way flow

35
Q

muscular pump for water movement in lamprey larvae

A

velum

36
Q

exchange in lamprey larvae

A

countercurrent exchange

37
Q

adult lamprey respiratory systems

A

water both in and out via pharyngeal slits with expansion and contraction of branchial apparatus

38
Q

core of gill

A

interbranchial septum

39
Q

lamellae on anterior and posterior sides of arch

A

holobranch

40
Q

lamellae off one side only

A

hemibranch

41
Q

sharks respiratory

A

use ram ventilation when swimming
countercurrent flow
unidirectional and relatively continuous flow

42
Q

first gill slit in embryo becomes the

A

spiracle

43
Q

4 characteristics of bony fish respiration

A

operculum
gill arches in v shape
adductor muscles to control filament position and water flow
counter current exchange

44
Q

gas exchange sub-structures in lung fish

A

faveoli

45
Q

primitive fishes swim bladder

A

physostomous

46
Q

advanced fishes swim bladder

A

physoclistous

47
Q

some fishes have a specialized region in the bladder to remove air

A

oval

48
Q

secondary functions of swim bladder

A

hearing

sound production

49
Q

4 reasons sharks don’t sink even though they don’t have swim bladder

A

cartilage skeleton less dense than bone
herterocercal tail imparts lift
pectoral fins direct body upward
oil in liver and other organs is less dense than water

50
Q

internal subdivions of lung wall that open to a common central chamber

A

faveoli

51
Q

at ends of tracheal branches

A

aveoli

52
Q

reptile respiratory

A 
loss of post-embryo pharyngeal slits
no cutaneous respiration
paired lungs
faveoli
intercostal muscles between ribs important
53
Q

valvular and closes to hold air in lungs between cycles

A

glottis

54
Q

snake respiratory

A

long narrow paired or single lung
faveoli in anterior lung
no faveoli in posterior lung

55
Q

pump to move air in out of anterior lung when food is passing

A

saccular lung

56
Q

what moves to allow for expansion and compression of lungs in crocodilians

A

liver

57
Q

animals with shells use these muscles to allow for changes in body cavity volume

A

abdominal muscles

58
Q

mammals respiratory

A

aspiration pump
bidirectional movement
active inhalation and exhalation
quiet breathing

59
Q

what makes up mammalian aspiration pump

A

diaphragm anterior to liver
wall of pleural cavity
intercostal muscles
abdominal muscles

60
Q

respiratory tree

A 
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles 
lead to aveoli
61
Q

birds respiratory system

A 
no cutaneous respiration
2 lungs with trachea
aspiration pump
no alveoli or faveoli
have parabrochi
many air sacs off lungs
1 way passages
cross current flow in lungs

Anatomy (18 decks)

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