chapter 11-respiratory system

Question 1

what is the function of the respiratory/circulatory systems

Answer 1

deliver oxygen to cells and remove wastes

Question 2

gas exchange occurs by

Answer 2

passive diffusion

Question 3

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentraion

Answer 3

passive diffusion

Question 4

three things needed for effective passive diffusion

Answer 4

increased surface area
decreased distance of diffusion
moist skin

Question 5

move external medium in/out of organism for gas exchange

Answer 5

respiratory pump

Question 6

delivery of oxygen to tissue, removal of carbon dioxide and other wastes

Answer 6

respiration

Question 7

gas exchange between environment and blood

Answer 7

external respiration

Question 8

gas exchange between blood and body tissues

Answer 8

internal respiration

Question 9

moving medium across gas exchange surface

Answer 9

ventilation

Question 10

cessation of ventilation

Answer 10

apnea

Question 11

flow of water in fish

Answer 11

unidirectional flow into buccal cavity via mouth and over gills out gill openings

Question 12

lung ventilation

Answer 12

bidirectional flow

Question 13

water breathing structures

Answer 13

gills

Question 14

associated with the pharyngeal slits and gill pouches

Answer 14

internal gills

Question 15

internal gills are covered by this in sharks and this in bony fish

Answer 15

interbrachial septum

operculum

Question 16

protrude from brachial region into environmental water

Answer 16

external gills

Question 17

internal sacs filled with gas

Answer 17

gas bladder

Question 18

gas bladder connected to the digestive tube

Answer 18

pneumatic duct

Question 19

where does gas come from to get into gas bladder

Answer 19

blood

Question 20

gas bladder functions

Answer 20

buoyancy and gas exchange

Question 21

difference in location of swim bladder vs. lung

Answer 21

sb is dorsal to digestive tube

l is ventral to digestive tube

Question 22

air breathing structures that are elastic

Answer 22

lungs

Question 23

where to the lungs arise from

Answer 23

ectodermal outpocketing off pharynx

Question 24

passages between lungs and outside air

Answer 24

non-exchange space

Question 25

volume of air moved with each breath

Answer 25

tidal volume

Question 26

how is integument adapted for cutaneous respiration

Answer 26

thin, moist, and vascularized

Question 27

fish opens mouth while swimming forward

Answer 27

ram ventilation

Question 28

dual pump

Answer 28

buccal cavity and opercular pump

Question 29

phase 1 of buccal pump

Answer 29

suction phase close mouth and operculum flap compress buccal and opercular cavities expand buccal cavity creating negative pressure open mouth and water moves in expand opercular cavity to get water to flow over gills

Question 30

phase 2 of buccal pump

Answer 30

force phase close mouth and open operculum flap use muscles to compress buccal cavity which increases pressure and water flower across gills into and out opercular cavity

Question 31

air in and out mix in mouth cavity

Answer 31

2 stroke buccal pump

Question 32

4 stroke buccal pump

Answer 32

first expansion air in lungs to mouth first compression air out mouth second expansion air from outside into mouth via nares second compression this air to lungs

Question 33

4 main characteristics of aspiration pump

Answer 33

muscles of rib cage and diaphragm used dibirectional flow no buccal or mouth cavity involvement separates feeding and ventilation

Question 34

lamprey larvae respiratory system

Answer 34

water in mouth and over gills, one way flow

Question 35

muscular pump for water movement in lamprey larvae

Answer 35

velum

Question 36

exchange in lamprey larvae

Answer 36

countercurrent exchange

Question 37

adult lamprey respiratory systems

Answer 37

water both in and out via pharyngeal slits with expansion and contraction of branchial apparatus

Question 38

core of gill

Answer 38

interbranchial septum

Question 39

lamellae on anterior and posterior sides of arch

Answer 39

holobranch

Question 40

lamellae off one side only

Answer 40

hemibranch

Question 41

sharks respiratory

Answer 41

use ram ventilation when swimming countercurrent flow unidirectional and relatively continuous flow

Question 42

first gill slit in embryo becomes the

Answer 42

spiracle

Question 43

4 characteristics of bony fish respiration

Answer 43

operculum gill arches in v shape adductor muscles to control filament position and water flow counter current exchange

Question 44

gas exchange sub-structures in lung fish

Answer 44

faveoli

Question 45

primitive fishes swim bladder

Answer 45

physostomous

Question 46

advanced fishes swim bladder

Answer 46

physoclistous

Question 47

some fishes have a specialized region in the bladder to remove air

Answer 47

oval

Question 48

secondary functions of swim bladder

Answer 48

hearing | sound production

Question 49

4 reasons sharks don't sink even though they don't have swim bladder

Answer 49

cartilage skeleton less dense than bone herterocercal tail imparts lift pectoral fins direct body upward oil in liver and other organs is less dense than water

Question 50

internal subdivions of lung wall that open to a common central chamber

Answer 50

faveoli

Question 51

at ends of tracheal branches

Answer 51

aveoli

Question 52

reptile respiratory

Answer 52

``` loss of post-embryo pharyngeal slits no cutaneous respiration paired lungs faveoli intercostal muscles between ribs important ```

Question 53

valvular and closes to hold air in lungs between cycles

Answer 53

glottis

Question 54

snake respiratory

Answer 54

long narrow paired or single lung faveoli in anterior lung no faveoli in posterior lung

Question 55

pump to move air in out of anterior lung when food is passing

Answer 55

saccular lung

Question 56

what moves to allow for expansion and compression of lungs in crocodilians

Answer 56

liver

Question 57

animals with shells use these muscles to allow for changes in body cavity volume

Answer 57

abdominal muscles

Question 58

mammals respiratory

Answer 58

aspiration pump bidirectional movement active inhalation and exhalation quiet breathing

Question 59

what makes up mammalian aspiration pump

Answer 59

diaphragm anterior to liver wall of pleural cavity intercostal muscles abdominal muscles

Question 60

respiratory tree

Answer 60

``` trachea bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles lead to aveoli ```

Question 61

birds respiratory system

Answer 61

``` no cutaneous respiration 2 lungs with trachea aspiration pump no alveoli or faveoli have parabrochi many air sacs off lungs 1 way passages cross current flow in lungs ```