Nervous system

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

all nervous tissue outside the CNS

Question 3

receptors

Answer 3

light
sound
touch
chemicals

Question 4

effectors

Answer 4

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands

Question 5

support neurons, no impulse generation/transmission

Answer 5

neuroglia

Question 6

phagocytic- immune and housekeeping functions

Answer 6

microglia

Question 7

wrap axons in myelin in CNS

Answer 7

oligodentrocytes

Question 8

wrap axons in myelin in PNS

Answer 8

Scwann cells

Question 9

epithelial-like, line canals and cavities

Answer 9

ependymal cells

Question 10

wrap capillaries, control environment of neurons

Answer 10

astrocytes

Question 11

specialized for communication and transmit electrical impulses

Answer 11

neurons

Question 12

cell body

Answer 12

perikaryon

Question 13

typically one per cell and carry impulses away from the perikaryon

Answer 13

axon

Question 14

typically many per cell and receive and transmit signals toward perikaryon

Answer 14

dendrites

Question 15

1 process off perikaryon

splits into axon and dendrites

Answer 15

unipolar

Question 16

2 process off perikaryon

Answer 16

bipolar

Question 17

many process off perikaryon

Answer 17

multipolar neurons

Question 18

in CNS a collection of axons traveling together

Answer 18

tract

Question 19

in PNS a collection of axons traveling together

Answer 19

nerve

Question 20

in CNS cluster of neuron cell bodies

Answer 20

nucleus

Question 21

in PNS cluster of neuron cell bodies

Answer 21

ganglion

Question 22

speeds impulse transmission along axons

Answer 22

myelin

Question 23

gaps in myelin sheaths

Answer 23

nodes of ranvier

Question 24

production of new neurons, repair of neurons

Answer 24

neurogenesis

Question 25

at dendrites and perikaryon stimulus dependent magnitude local

Answer 25

graded potentials

Question 26

along axons all-or-none responses long distance reach synapses with other cells

Answer 26

action potentials

Question 27

neurons that release chemcicals into blood

Answer 27

neurosecretory cells

Question 28

forms information processing

Answer 28

convergence divergence inhibition

Question 29

input from integument output to skeletal muscles relationship with outside world

Answer 29

somatic nerves

Question 30

toward CNS input sensory

Answer 30

afferent

Question 31

away from CNS output motor

Answer 31

efferent

Question 32

input from viscera output to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands relationship with inside world

Answer 32

visceral nerves

Question 33

motor visceral control

Answer 33

autonomic nervous system

Question 34

innervate multiple tissues over wide area

Answer 34

general nerves

Question 35

innervate few tissues in specific location

Answer 35

special nerves

Question 36

numbered according to level of vertebral column they eminate from

Answer 36

spinal nerves

Question 37

dorsal root of spinal nerves

Answer 37

sensory/afferent information

Question 38

ventral root of spinal nerves

Answer 38

motor/efferent informaion

Question 39

innervate specific structures, especially somatic nerves

Answer 39

spinal nerves

Question 40

spinal nerves in development

Answer 40

follow myotomes and dermatomes

Question 41

roots enclosed in braincase/skull

Answer 41

cranial nerves

Question 42

not a nerve but extension of CNS

Answer 42

II- optic

Question 43

branch of X+ brances of spinal nerves C1 and C2

Answer 43

XI accessory

Question 44

for special senses such as vision, hearing, olfaction, taste

Answer 44

special cranial nerves

Question 45

general sensation and motor control

Answer 45

general cranial nerves

Question 46

from vertebrate aquatic to terrestrial shift, cranial nerves...

Answer 46

lateral line system lost spinal accessory nerve separates vagus nerve hypoglossal nerve enlarges

Question 47

hypoglossal nerve innervates

Answer 47

tongue and hyoid apparatus

Question 48

PNS functions

Answer 48

spinal reflexes

Question 49

reflex is

Answer 49

rooted in spinal cord | fixed, predictable response

Question 50

somatic reflex arc

Answer 50

sensory receptors of skin, skeletal muscles, tendons spinal cord interneurons effectors

Question 51

visceral reflex arc

Answer 51

sensory receptors of digestive tract, vasculature spinal cord interneurons effectors (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands)

Question 52

interneurons

Answer 52

preganglionic to synapse location to post-ganglionic

Question 53

dorsal and ventral roots carry visceral motor axons

Answer 53

fishes and amphibians

Question 54

dorsal sensory | ventral motor

Answer 54

amniotes

Question 55

subdivision of PNS controlling visceral activity involuntary sensory and motor

Answer 55

autonomic nervous system

Question 56

ANS divisions

Answer 56

sympathetic nervous system | parasympathetic nervous system

Question 57

characteristics of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 57

flight or fight response energy utilization in short term stresses increase heart rate, blood pressure, glucose release short post long pre ganglionic neurons adrengergic

Question 58

epinephrine/norepinephrine release at effector

Answer 58

adrenergic

Question 59

characteristics of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 59

rest and digest responses energy preservation/storage decrease heart rate, blood pressure, glucose release craniosacral motor outflow long pre-ganglionic, short post-ganglionic cholinergic

Question 60

acetylcholine released at effector

Answer 60

cholinergic