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Anatomy > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

all nervous tissue outside the CNS

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3
Q

receptors

A

light
sound
touch
chemicals

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4
Q

effectors

A

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands

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5
Q

support neurons, no impulse generation/transmission

A

neuroglia

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6
Q

phagocytic- immune and housekeeping functions

A

microglia

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7
Q

wrap axons in myelin in CNS

A

oligodentrocytes

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8
Q

wrap axons in myelin in PNS

A

Scwann cells

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9
Q

epithelial-like, line canals and cavities

A

ependymal cells

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10
Q

wrap capillaries, control environment of neurons

A

astrocytes

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11
Q

specialized for communication and transmit electrical impulses

A

neurons

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12
Q

cell body

A

perikaryon

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13
Q

typically one per cell and carry impulses away from the perikaryon

A

axon

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14
Q

typically many per cell and receive and transmit signals toward perikaryon

A

dendrites

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15
Q

1 process off perikaryon

splits into axon and dendrites

A

unipolar

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16
Q

2 process off perikaryon

A

bipolar

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17
Q

many process off perikaryon

A

multipolar neurons

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18
Q

in CNS a collection of axons traveling together

A

tract

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19
Q

in PNS a collection of axons traveling together

A

nerve

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20
Q

in CNS cluster of neuron cell bodies

A

nucleus

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21
Q

in PNS cluster of neuron cell bodies

A

ganglion

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22
Q

speeds impulse transmission along axons

A

myelin

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23
Q

gaps in myelin sheaths

A

nodes of ranvier

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24
Q

production of new neurons, repair of neurons

A

neurogenesis

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25
Q

at dendrites and perikaryon
stimulus dependent magnitude
local

A

graded potentials

26
Q

along axons
all-or-none responses
long distance
reach synapses with other cells

A

action potentials

27
Q

neurons that release chemcicals into blood

A

neurosecretory cells

28
Q

forms information processing

A

convergence
divergence
inhibition

29
Q

input from integument
output to skeletal muscles
relationship with outside world

A

somatic nerves

30
Q

toward CNS
input
sensory

A

afferent

31
Q

away from CNS
output
motor

A

efferent

32
Q

input from viscera
output to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
relationship with inside world

A

visceral nerves

33
Q

motor visceral control

A

autonomic nervous system

34
Q

innervate multiple tissues over wide area

A

general nerves

35
Q

innervate few tissues in specific location

A

special nerves

36
Q

numbered according to level of vertebral column they eminate from

A

spinal nerves

37
Q

dorsal root of spinal nerves

A

sensory/afferent information

38
Q

ventral root of spinal nerves

A

motor/efferent informaion

39
Q

innervate specific structures, especially somatic nerves

A

spinal nerves

40
Q

spinal nerves in development

A

follow myotomes and dermatomes

41
Q

roots enclosed in braincase/skull

A

cranial nerves

42
Q

not a nerve but extension of CNS

A

II- optic

43
Q

branch of X+ brances of spinal nerves C1 and C2

A

XI accessory

44
Q

for special senses such as vision, hearing, olfaction, taste

A

special cranial nerves

45
Q

general sensation and motor control

A

general cranial nerves

46
Q

from vertebrate aquatic to terrestrial shift, cranial nerves…

A

lateral line system lost
spinal accessory nerve separates vagus nerve
hypoglossal nerve enlarges

47
Q

hypoglossal nerve innervates

A

tongue and hyoid apparatus

48
Q

PNS functions

A

spinal reflexes

49
Q

reflex is

A

rooted in spinal cord

fixed, predictable response

50
Q

somatic reflex arc

A

sensory receptors of skin, skeletal muscles, tendons
spinal cord interneurons
effectors

51
Q

visceral reflex arc

A

sensory receptors of digestive tract, vasculature
spinal cord interneurons
effectors (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands)

52
Q

interneurons

A

preganglionic to synapse location to post-ganglionic

53
Q

dorsal and ventral roots carry visceral motor axons

A

fishes and amphibians

54
Q

dorsal sensory

ventral motor

A

amniotes

55
Q

subdivision of PNS controlling visceral activity
involuntary
sensory and motor

A

autonomic nervous system

56
Q

ANS divisions

A

sympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

57
Q

characteristics of sympathetic nervous system

A

flight or fight response
energy utilization in short term stresses
increase heart rate, blood pressure, glucose release
short post long pre ganglionic neurons
adrengergic

58
Q

epinephrine/norepinephrine release at effector

A

adrenergic

59
Q

characteristics of parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest responses
energy preservation/storage
decrease heart rate, blood pressure, glucose release
craniosacral motor outflow
long pre-ganglionic, short post-ganglionic
cholinergic

60
Q

acetylcholine released at effector

A

cholinergic

Anatomy (18 decks)

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