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Anatomy > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

2 things that distinguishes vertebrates from other chordates

A

vertebral column

cranium

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2
Q

made of bone or cartilage
intervertebral discs
centrum+ dorsal neural arch + ventral hemal arch

A

vertebral column

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3
Q

dorsal neural arch makes the

A

spinal cord

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4
Q

ventral hemal arch makes the

A

blood vessels

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5
Q

skull also called

A

cranium

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6
Q

another name for vertebrates

A

craniates

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7
Q

bone cartilage structure supporting sense organs, encasing brain

A

cranium

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8
Q

clustering of specialized sense organs in anterior

A

chephalization

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9
Q

the sensory organs, parts of skull, and some teeth are developed from

A

neural crest cells and ectodermal placodes

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10
Q

in vertebrates the shift is from what to what for feeding

A

ciliary pump to muscular pump

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11
Q

when two bones or scales or objects come together

A

articulation

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12
Q

folded gas exchange surfaces on pharyngeal bars

A

gills

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13
Q

what does the muscular pump promote

A

an active lifestyle and more innovations

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14
Q

jawless fish

A

agnaths

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15
Q

jawed fish

A

gnathostomes

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16
Q

what evolves into the jaw

A

anterior pharyngeal bars

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17
Q

vertebrates with amnion

A

amniotes

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18
Q

sac life fluid filled membrane encasing the embryo

A

amnion

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19
Q

what animals are amniotes

A

reptiles
birds
mammals

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20
Q

which animals are anamniotes

A

fishes

amphibians

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21
Q

living examples of agnaths

A

hagfish

lamprey

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22
Q

circle opening/mouth

A

cyclostome

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23
Q

how do hagfish eat

A

teeth on a muscular tongue for rasping

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24
Q

what is a hagfishes main defense

A

slime

25
Q

four examples of ancient fossil agnaths

A

Haikouella
Haikouicthys
Conodonts
Ostracoderms

26
Q

first fossil evidence of gnathostomes

A

late Silurian during Devonian radiation

27
Q

5 things early jawed fish had

A 
paired nostrils
5 gill slits
gill arches
2 sets of paired fins 
3 semicircular ducts
28
Q

dorsal segment of jaw

A

palatoquadrate carlilage

29
Q

end of dorsal segment jaw

A

quadrate bone

30
Q

ventral segment of jaw

A

mandibular or Meckel’s cartilage

31
Q

end of ventral segment

A

articular bone

32
Q

two bones that form the jaw joint

A

quadrate and articular bones

33
Q

second gill arch

A

hyoid arch

34
Q

what does the hyoid arch do

A

supports the mandibular arch on cranium

35
Q

primitive gnathostomes

A

elasmobranchiomorphs

36
Q

cartilaginous fishes

A

chondrichthyes

37
Q

4 characteristics of cartilaginous fish

A

cartilage skeleton
no body dermal plates
placoid scales
internal fertilization

38
Q

laying eggs

A

oviparity

39
Q

eggs retained internally leading to live birth

A

ovoviviparity

40
Q

non-egg internal nutrient support leading to live birth

A

viviparity

41
Q

electroreceptor organs

A

ampullary organs

42
Q

bony fishes

A

ostiechthys

43
Q

ray finned fishes

A

actinopterygii

44
Q

what types of scales did actinopterygii have

A

ganoid scales

45
Q

means “new fin”

A

neopterygii

46
Q

flesh finned or lobed fin fishes

A

sarcoptergyii

47
Q

two large groups of extant sarcoptergyii

A

ceolocanths

rhipidistia

48
Q

lungfish

A

dipnomorpha

49
Q

fossil organism that was discovered recently and seems to be a transitional species from fish to amphibean

A

tiktaalik

50
Q

terrestrial vertebrates

A

tetrapods

51
Q

dorsal articulation processes of vertebrae that support body weight

A

zygapophyses

52
Q

opening between nasal cavity and pharynx

A

choana

53
Q

early tetrapods had these 5 characteristics

A 
mixed aquatic/terrestrial forms
6-8 digits
choana and lungs, and gills 
lateral line
fin along tail
54
Q

having 5 digits

A

pentadactyl

55
Q

these have less than 4 digits

A

amphibia

56
Q

ear adapted for hearing in air

A

temnosponyla

57
Q

caecilians, salamanders, and frogs

A

lissamphibia

58
Q

self contained egg

A

cleidoic

Anatomy (18 decks)

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