Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 12- circulatory > Flashcards

Chapter 12- circulatory Flashcards

1
Q

functions of circulatory system (6)

A 
transport gasses
heat transport
fuel transport
transport signals (hormones)
transport waste to kidneys
immune cell/ chemical transport/ residence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

three systems that make up circulatory system

A

blood and lymph and cardiovascular systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

two components of blood

A

plasma and formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

red blood cells are also called

A

erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

characteristics of red blood cells

A

mature cells lack nucleus
contain hemoglobin
small
life circulation for humans 120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

three main types of blood vessels

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

carry blood away from heart

A

arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

carry blood toward heart

A

veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

between arteries and veins, microscopic diameter

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

three layers to arteries and veins walls

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

inner layer made of endothelium and elastic membrane

A

tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

outside and made of fiberous connective tissue

A

tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

two characteristics of capillaries

A

thin walled

lack tunica media and tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

groups of capillaries feeding one region of tissue

A

capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

large arteries have _____in tunica media

A

more elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

feed blood into tissues and are sites of vasoconstriction/dilation

A

arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

patterns of pressure and flow of circulating blood

A

hemodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

heart ventricles contract

A

systolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

heart ventricles relax

A

diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

biggest blood pressure problem

A

when pressure approaches 0 in veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

characteristics of veins

A

return blood to heart

hold up to 70% of blood at any given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

low pressure adaptations of veins to assist return to heart

A

1 way valves

skeletal muscular pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

supports cell metabolism

A

microcirculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

capillary bed flow is controlled by

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

smooth muscle valves at entrance of beds

A

pre-capillary sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

by-pass vessels to reduce/avoid blood flow to an area

A

shunts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

adjustments to microcirculation

A

deal with pressure fluctuations
heat distributions
metabolic demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

fishes have this type of circulation

A

single circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

flow of single circulation

A

heart to gills to tissues to heart

30
Q

amniotes have this type of circulation

A

double circulation

31
Q

flow of double circulation

A

heart to lungs to heart to tissues to heart

32
Q

two circuits in double circulation

A

pulmonary circuit

systemic circuit

33
Q

organisms with intermediate circulation

A

lungfishes, amphibeans, reptiles

34
Q

chambers of fish heart in order

A

sinus venosus to atrium to ventricle to bulbus arteriosus

35
Q

spongy walls of myocardium which allows for direct gas exchange of cells

A

trabeculae

36
Q

arteries capillaries and veins that serve the cardiac muscle cells

A

coronary circulation

37
Q

epithelial membrane enclosing heart

A

pericardium

38
Q

explain the aspiration effect

A

rigid pericardial cavity so when ventricle contracts there is a decrease in volume of ventricle which decreases pressure in cavity the blood then flows into atrium and sinus venosus when they expand

39
Q

birds and mammals have

A

4 chambered heart and 2 parallel circuits

40
Q

explain lamprey heart

A

sinus venosus to atrium to ventricle to bulbous arteriosus
innervated heart
semilunar valve in bulbous arteriosus

41
Q

explain condrichthyans and bony fish heart

A

sinus venosus to atrium to ventricle to conus arteriosus

innervated heart

42
Q

what is the job of the bulbous

A

to dampen sharp pressure changes to protect delicate gill blood spaces

43
Q

bony fish heart cycle

A

ventricles contract
reduces volume in rigid pericardial cavity
sinus venosus and atrium relaxed
AV valve closes
negative pressure in cavity expands SV and atrium
atrium constracts
SA valve closes AV valve opens
blood moves to ventricle
ventricle contracts
blood to bulbous arteriosus and aortic arches

44
Q

explain lungfish heart

A

single atrium that is partially divided
AV plug
partially divided single ventricle
spiral valve in conus arteriosus

45
Q

what partially divides ventricle in lungfish

A

interventricular septum

46
Q

in lungfish the arches 2,5,6

A

are with gills

47
Q

in lungfish the arches 3 and 4

A

without gills

48
Q

purpose of partially divided atrium and ventricle

A

maintain separation of oxygenated vs de-oxygenated blood

49
Q

why have separation of oxygenated vs de-oxygenated blood

A

avoid mixing

avoid loss of oxygen in blood to water at gills

50
Q

explain amphibian heart

A

sinus venosus to atrium with partial separation to ventricle with no division to conus arteriosus with spiral valve

51
Q

three combinations of respiration in amphibians

A

cutaneous respiration is significant
gills in larvae
lungs in many adult forms

52
Q

explain frog heart

A

single ventricle to conus arteriosus to spiral valve to either the systemic or pulmocutaneous aortic arches

53
Q

in frogs channels blood into pulmonary and systemic flows

A

traebecular

54
Q

frog underwater…

A

sphincter at base of pulmonary artery closes
increase flow to skin
some cutaneous respiration, non at lungs

55
Q

differences between more active lifestyle of reptiles

A

higher metabolic demand
higher blood pressure
more cardiac output
more efficient separation of blood

56
Q

explain turtle and lizard heart

A

reduced sinus venousus
completely divided atria
well developed AV valves
embryonic conus arteriosus develops into pulmonary trunk
ventricle is one chamber with three compartments

57
Q

three compartments of turtle and lizard ventricle

A

cavum vanosum
cavum pulmonae
cavum arteriosum

58
Q

turtle heart cycle

A

deoxy blood from tissues to sinus venosus to right atrium to cavum vanosum to cavbum pulmonale to pulmonary artery to lungs then oxy blood to left atrium to cavum arterisum to interventricular canal to cavum venosum to systemic trunk

59
Q

when turtle dives

A 
blood to cavum venosum
systemic trunk
shunted by resistance to flow
sphincter in pulmonary artery closes
increased resistance to pulmonary artery flow
flow move through systemic trunk
60
Q

explain crocodilian heart

A 
complete division in atria
complete division of ventricles
pulmonary trunk off right ventricle
left systemic arch off right ventricle 
right systemic arch off left ventricle
foramen of panizza
61
Q

connection between right and left systemic/aortic arches

A

foramen of panizza

62
Q

when crocodile breathes air

A

deoxy blood on right side to pulmonary to lungs

oxy blood to left side to systemic system

63
Q

when crocodile dives

A

right to left cardiac shunt

instead of right ventricle going to pulmonary system it will reenter the systemic system by left systemic artery

64
Q

in bird

A

sinus venosus reduced

65
Q

in mammals

A

sinus venosus is reduced to sinoatrial node

66
Q

cluster of autorhythmic cells in wall of right atrium

A

SA node

67
Q

in birds and mammals conus arteriosus is

A

embryonic only

68
Q

conus arteriosus becomes

A

pulmonary trunk and single aorta

69
Q

similarities in bird and mammal hearts

A

right side is pulmonary
left side is systemic
no cardiac shunting

70
Q

reduced heart rate

A

bradycardia

Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions