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Anatomy > Chapter 12- circulatory > Flashcards

Chapter 12- circulatory Flashcards

1
Q

functions of circulatory system (6)

A 
transport gasses
heat transport
fuel transport
transport signals (hormones)
transport waste to kidneys
immune cell/ chemical transport/ residence
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2
Q

three systems that make up circulatory system

A

blood and lymph and cardiovascular systems

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3
Q

two components of blood

A

plasma and formed elements

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4
Q

red blood cells are also called

A

erythrocytes

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5
Q

characteristics of red blood cells

A

mature cells lack nucleus
contain hemoglobin
small
life circulation for humans 120 days

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6
Q

three main types of blood vessels

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

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7
Q

carry blood away from heart

A

arteries

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8
Q

carry blood toward heart

A

veins

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9
Q

between arteries and veins, microscopic diameter

A

capillaries

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10
Q

three layers to arteries and veins walls

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

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11
Q

inner layer made of endothelium and elastic membrane

A

tunica intima

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12
Q

outside and made of fiberous connective tissue

A

tunica adventitia

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13
Q

two characteristics of capillaries

A

thin walled

lack tunica media and tunica adventitia

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14
Q

groups of capillaries feeding one region of tissue

A

capillary beds

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15
Q

large arteries have _____in tunica media

A

more elastic fibers

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16
Q

feed blood into tissues and are sites of vasoconstriction/dilation

A

arterioles

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17
Q

patterns of pressure and flow of circulating blood

A

hemodynamics

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18
Q

heart ventricles contract

A

systolic pressure

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19
Q

heart ventricles relax

A

diastolic pressure

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20
Q

biggest blood pressure problem

A

when pressure approaches 0 in veins

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21
Q

characteristics of veins

A

return blood to heart

hold up to 70% of blood at any given time

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22
Q

low pressure adaptations of veins to assist return to heart

A

1 way valves

skeletal muscular pump

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23
Q

supports cell metabolism

A

microcirculation

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24
Q

capillary bed flow is controlled by

A

smooth muscle

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25
smooth muscle valves at entrance of beds
pre-capillary sphincter
26
by-pass vessels to reduce/avoid blood flow to an area
shunts
27
adjustments to microcirculation
deal with pressure fluctuations heat distributions metabolic demand
28
fishes have this type of circulation
single circulation
29
flow of single circulation
heart to gills to tissues to heart
30
amniotes have this type of circulation
double circulation
31
flow of double circulation
heart to lungs to heart to tissues to heart
32
two circuits in double circulation
pulmonary circuit | systemic circuit
33
organisms with intermediate circulation
lungfishes, amphibeans, reptiles
34
chambers of fish heart in order
sinus venosus to atrium to ventricle to bulbus arteriosus
35
spongy walls of myocardium which allows for direct gas exchange of cells
trabeculae
36
arteries capillaries and veins that serve the cardiac muscle cells
coronary circulation
37
epithelial membrane enclosing heart
pericardium
38
explain the aspiration effect
rigid pericardial cavity so when ventricle contracts there is a decrease in volume of ventricle which decreases pressure in cavity the blood then flows into atrium and sinus venosus when they expand
39
birds and mammals have
4 chambered heart and 2 parallel circuits
40
explain lamprey heart
sinus venosus to atrium to ventricle to bulbous arteriosus innervated heart semilunar valve in bulbous arteriosus
41
explain condrichthyans and bony fish heart
sinus venosus to atrium to ventricle to conus arteriosus | innervated heart
42
what is the job of the bulbous
to dampen sharp pressure changes to protect delicate gill blood spaces
43
bony fish heart cycle
ventricles contract reduces volume in rigid pericardial cavity sinus venosus and atrium relaxed AV valve closes negative pressure in cavity expands SV and atrium atrium constracts SA valve closes AV valve opens blood moves to ventricle ventricle contracts blood to bulbous arteriosus and aortic arches
44
explain lungfish heart
single atrium that is partially divided AV plug partially divided single ventricle spiral valve in conus arteriosus
45
what partially divides ventricle in lungfish
interventricular septum
46
in lungfish the arches 2,5,6
are with gills
47
in lungfish the arches 3 and 4
without gills
48
purpose of partially divided atrium and ventricle
maintain separation of oxygenated vs de-oxygenated blood
49
why have separation of oxygenated vs de-oxygenated blood
avoid mixing | avoid loss of oxygen in blood to water at gills
50
explain amphibian heart
sinus venosus to atrium with partial separation to ventricle with no division to conus arteriosus with spiral valve
51
three combinations of respiration in amphibians
cutaneous respiration is significant gills in larvae lungs in many adult forms
52
explain frog heart
single ventricle to conus arteriosus to spiral valve to either the systemic or pulmocutaneous aortic arches
53
in frogs channels blood into pulmonary and systemic flows
traebecular
54
frog underwater...
sphincter at base of pulmonary artery closes increase flow to skin some cutaneous respiration, non at lungs
55
differences between more active lifestyle of reptiles
higher metabolic demand higher blood pressure more cardiac output more efficient separation of blood
56
explain turtle and lizard heart
reduced sinus venousus completely divided atria well developed AV valves embryonic conus arteriosus develops into pulmonary trunk ventricle is one chamber with three compartments
57
three compartments of turtle and lizard ventricle
cavum vanosum cavum pulmonae cavum arteriosum
58
turtle heart cycle
deoxy blood from tissues to sinus venosus to right atrium to cavum vanosum to cavbum pulmonale to pulmonary artery to lungs then oxy blood to left atrium to cavum arterisum to interventricular canal to cavum venosum to systemic trunk
59
when turtle dives
``` blood to cavum venosum systemic trunk shunted by resistance to flow sphincter in pulmonary artery closes increased resistance to pulmonary artery flow flow move through systemic trunk ```
60
explain crocodilian heart
``` complete division in atria complete division of ventricles pulmonary trunk off right ventricle left systemic arch off right ventricle right systemic arch off left ventricle foramen of panizza ```
61
connection between right and left systemic/aortic arches
foramen of panizza
62
when crocodile breathes air
deoxy blood on right side to pulmonary to lungs | oxy blood to left side to systemic system
63
when crocodile dives
right to left cardiac shunt | instead of right ventricle going to pulmonary system it will reenter the systemic system by left systemic artery
64
in bird
sinus venosus reduced
65
in mammals
sinus venosus is reduced to sinoatrial node
66
cluster of autorhythmic cells in wall of right atrium
SA node
67
in birds and mammals conus arteriosus is
embryonic only
68
conus arteriosus becomes
pulmonary trunk and single aorta
69
similarities in bird and mammal hearts
right side is pulmonary left side is systemic no cardiac shunting
70
reduced heart rate
bradycardia

Anatomy (18 decks)

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