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Anatomy > Digestion part 2 > Flashcards

Digestion part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptations of the alimentary canal

A 
length
diameter
folds in lining 
spiral valves
regionalization
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2
Q

expanded part of esophagus

A

crop

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3
Q

expanded part of intestine

A

cecum

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4
Q

extensions off stomach in fish

A

pyloric ceca

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5
Q

outpocketings

A

diverticula

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6
Q

fold in lining

A

rugae and plicae circularis

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7
Q

spiral channel through tube to increase surface area

A

spiral valve

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8
Q

lamprey digestive system

A

straight tube mouth to anus
ciliated esophagus
no stomach
larvae to adult- develop new esophagus

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9
Q

new esophagus in lamprey because

A

allows feeding via oral disc with ventilation of gills

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10
Q

general fish digestive system

A

great variability in alimentary canals

J-shaped stomach

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11
Q

elasmobranch digestive system

A

stomach muscle

spiral valve in intestine

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12
Q

teleost digestive system

A

no spiral valve

0-200 pyloric ceca

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13
Q

amphibians digestive system

A 
short esophagus
stomach
coiled small intestine 
short straight large intestine
cloaca
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14
Q

lizards have

A

muscular stomachs

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15
Q

crocodilians have

A

gizzards

glandular stomach anterior to gizzard

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16
Q

part of stomach with thick muscle walls that grinds good against hard objects

A

gizzards

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17
Q

herbivorous reptiles

A

distinct large intestine

cecum posterior small intestine

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18
Q

cloaca is made of two parts in reptiles

A

coprodeum

urodeum

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19
Q

birds digestive system

A 
crop off esophagus 
glandular stomach
gizzard
small intestine (duodenum and ilium)
short, straight large intestine
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20
Q

birds glandular stomach

A

proventricuus

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21
Q

mammal digestive system

A 
no grop
no gizzard
long coiled small intestine
long large intestine
monotremes have cloaca
eutherians have rectum and anus
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22
Q

ruminants

A

rumen
reticulum
omasum
abomasum

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23
Q

ruminant true stomach

A

abomasum

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24
Q

empty secretions into buccal cavity via ducts

more characteristic of tetrapods than aquatic vertebrates

A

oral glands

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25
Q

lubricate food and surfaces

start chemical digestion

A

salivary and mucus glands

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26
Q

three main salivary glands

A

mandibular
sublingual
parotid

27
Q

what products do salivary glands make

A

mucus
ions
amylase (carb digestion)

28
Q

secret toxins and digestive agents/enzymes

A

venom glands

29
Q

liver

A

secretes bile

receives blood from hepatic portal vein to process absorbed materials of small intestine

30
Q

where is bile stored

A

gall bladder

31
Q

job of bile

A

digest fat

32
Q

exocrine tissue of pancreas

A

acinar tissue

33
Q

job of acinar tissue

A

secrete pancreatic juice

34
Q

enzymes produced by acinar tissue

A

trypsingoen
lipase
amylase

35
Q

secreted to neutralize stomach acid secretions in intestine

A

bicarbonate

36
Q

endocrine tissue of pancreas

A

islets of langerhans

37
Q

job of islets of langerhan

A

secret insulin and glucagon

38
Q

stomach absorption

A

limited to water, ions and short chain fatty acids

39
Q

small intestine absorption

A

most absorption

40
Q

adaptations of small intestine

A

increased time of passage and increased surface area

41
Q

villi add

A

10X surface area of intestine

42
Q

microvilli add

A

100X surface area to intestine

43
Q

movement of material, mixing/churning of material

A

peristalsis

44
Q

eating feces

A

coprophagy

45
Q

why eat feces

A

to re-ingest cecum feces to process again and gain more nutrients and vitamins

46
Q

promotes chemical digestion and gives more surface area for enzymes

A

mechanical digestion

47
Q

characteristic of mammals

A

mastication

48
Q

sinew/muscle

A

carnassial teeth

49
Q

fibrous/grass

A

grinding teeth

50
Q

nuts/seeds

A

crushing teeth

51
Q

solution for vertebrates not having cellulases

A

mutualistic bacteria with cellulases

52
Q

cellulose digestion via mutualists

A

fermentation

53
Q

fermentation produces

A

organic acids for absorption and CO2 and CH4 as by-products

54
Q

fermentation in esophagus and stomach

A

foregut fermenters

55
Q

fermentation in intestine and cecum

A

hindgut fermenters

56
Q

regurgitation and re-mastication

A

rumination

57
Q

thin walled sac that collects consumed food

A

rumen

58
Q

regurgitation occurs via

A

reverse aspiration and retrograde peristalsis

59
Q

movement of material from rumen and back to separate fine and course materials

A

reticulum

60
Q

absorbs short chain fatty acids, water
transfers material from reticulum to abomasum
keeps acid out of reticulum and rumen

A

omasum

61
Q

fundic glandular epithelium

acid and enzymatic digestion of material

A

abomasum

62
Q

when snakes eat a meal there is a rapid change in their alimentary canal

A 
double intestinal mass
increase intestinal epithelial cell size
increase production of epithelial cells
increase microvilli length
increase mucosal thickness
increase digestive enzyme activity
63
Q

when snakes are fasting there digestive system has

A 
decrease in intestinal mass
intestinal epithelial cells size 
production of epithelial cells
 microvilli length
mucosal thickness
digestive enzyme activity

Anatomy (18 decks)

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